Effect of glycine on synaptic transmission at the third order giant synapse of the squids Alloteuthis subulata and Loligo vulgaris

Vinogradova, I. M.; Zajicek, John; Gentile, S.; Brown, Euan R.

doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00222-7

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Recently, it has also been reported that the effect of glycine on decreasing synaptically generated postsynaptic action potential trains and excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) at the squid giant synapse is active in presence of NMDA, providing a mechanism of modulation of synaptic transmission at the giant synapse (Vinogradova et al, 2002). As an extension of our work on the presence of NMDA receptors (Palumbo et al, 1999; Di Cosmo and Di Cristo, 2001), we report here the immunolocalization of receptor subunits in the brain of Sepia officinalis by using an antibody that recognizes both NMDAR2A and ‐B subunits equally.…”

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confidence: 99%

N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor‐like immunoreactivity in the brain of Sepia and Octopus

Cosmo¹,

Paolucci²,

Cristo³

2004

J of Comparative Neurology

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Ionotropic glutamate receptors have been subdivided into N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and AMPA/kainate classes. NMDA receptor subunit 2A and 2B immunoreactivity is shown to be present in specific regions of the central nervous system (CNS) of the cephalopod molluscs Sepia officinalis and Octopus vulgaris. An antibody that recognizes both mammalian NMDAR2A and NMDAR2B subunits equally was used. SDS-PAGE/Western blot analysis performed on membrane proteins revealed an immunoreactive band at 170 kDa for both species. Immunoreactive bands from both Octopus and Sepia brains disappeared when the antibody was preabsorbed with membrane proteins from rat hippocampus or from their own brains. The same antibody was then used for immunohistochemical staining of serial sections of the CNS to reveal localized specific staining of cell bodies and fibers in several lobes of the brain. Staining was found in lower motor centers, in some higher motor centers, in learning centers, and in the optic lobes. Immunopositivity was also found in the areas of brain that control the activity of the optic gland, a gonadotropic endocrine gland. These findings suggest that glutamate, via NMDA receptors, may be involved as a signaling molecule in motor, learning, visual, and olfactory systems in the cephalopod brain.

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confidence: 99%

N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor‐like immunoreactivity in the brain of Sepia and Octopus

Cosmo¹,

Paolucci²,

Cristo³

2004

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…It is not known what role glycine and glutathione have in the cephalopod olfactory system. Glycine acts at several synapses of the squid central nervous system (Caldwell and Lea, 1978; Horn, 1986; Vinogradova et al, 2002; Lima et al, 2003), but, because there is no clear role for glycine in our model organisms, we cannot draw any conclusions about the role of glycine in squid. There were two classes of cells in squid OE that had high glutathione labeling (Classes 5 and 6), and were morphologically identified as a subset of type 2 cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cross‐Species Comparison of Metabolite Profiles in Chemosensory Epithelia: An Indication of Metabolite Roles in Chemosensory Cells

Mobley

Lucero

Michel

2008

The Anatomical Record

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Comparative studies of chemosensory systems in vertebrates and invertebrates have greatly enhanced our understanding of anatomical and physiological constraints of chemical detection. Immunohistochemical comparisons of chemosensory systems are difficult to make across species due to limited cross-reactivity of mammalian-based antibodies. Immunostaining chemosensory tissues with glutaraldehyde-based antibodies generated against small metabolites in combination with hierarchical cluster analyses provide a novel approach for identifying and classifying cell types regardless of species. We used this ''metabolite profiling'' technique to determine whether metabolite profiles can be used to identify cell classes within and across different species including mouse, zebrafish, lobster and squid. Within a species, metabolite profiles for distinct cell classes were generally consistent. We found several metabolite-based cell classifications that mirrored function or receptor protein-based classifications. Although profiles of all six metabolites differed across species, we found that specific metabolites were associated with certain cell types. For example, elevated levels of glutathione were characteristic of nonsensory cells from vertebrates, suggesting an antioxidative role in non-neuronal cells in sensory tissues. Collectively, we found significantly different metabolite profiles for distinct cell populations in chemosensory tissue within all of the species studied. Based on their roles in other systems or cells, we discuss the roles of L-arginine, L-aspartate, L-glutamate, glycine, glutathione, and taurine within chemosensory epithelia. Anat Rec, 291:410-432, 2008. 2008 Key words: olfactory; vomeronasal; mouse; zebrafish; lobster; squidAbbreviations used: AOI = area of interest; Arg = arginine; Asp = aspartate; ATG = aesthetasc tegumental glands; EC = ensheathing cell; Glu = glutamate; GSH = glutathione; Gly = glycine; IR = immunoreactivity; NOS = nitric oxide synthase; OE = olfactory epithelium; ORN = olfactory receptor neuron; RGB = red, green, blue; SC = sustentacular cell; Tau = taurine; VN = vomeronasal neuron; VNO = vomeronasal organ.The Supplementary Material referred to in this article can be found at

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Modulation of an AMPA-like glutamate receptor (SqGluR) gating by L- and D-aspartic acids

et al. 2006

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L- and D-aspartic acids (L-Asp and D-Asp) are present in the majority of nervous systems. In phylogeny, significant levels have been reported in mollusc brains, particularly cephalopods. To examine the role of L- and D-Asp on a cephalopod receptor, we studied ligand gating of a squid glutamate receptor (SqGluR) expressed in HEK 239 (human embryonic kidney) cells. Under voltage clamp, application of L-glutamate (L-Glu; 1-30 mM), but not D-glutamate (D-Glu), or L- or D-Asp, evoked an inward current of 0.1 nA. L- or D-Asp (200 microM) applied with 20 mM L-Glu, slowed the time course of activation and inactivation of the L-Glu gated current (time constant increased from 1 s (L-Glu alone) to 3 s (D-Asp and L-Glu) and to 19 s (L-Asp and L-Glu)). Our results suggest that in molluscan systems, aspartic acid could act as a neuromodulator during glutamatergic transmission and could significantly alter synaptic integration by slowing glutamate receptor gating.

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Effect of glycine on synaptic transmission at the third order giant synapse of the squids Alloteuthis subulata and Loligo vulgaris

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor‐like immunoreactivity in the brain of Sepia and Octopus

N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor‐like immunoreactivity in the brain of Sepia and Octopus

Cross‐Species Comparison of Metabolite Profiles in Chemosensory Epithelia: An Indication of Metabolite Roles in Chemosensory Cells

Modulation of an AMPA-like glutamate receptor (SqGluR) gating by L- and D-aspartic acids

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