Effect ofPseuderanthemum palatiferum(Nees) Radlk fresh leaf ethanolic extract on human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 regulated cell death

Abstract

Leaf extracts of Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk were investigated for their effects on human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell growth inhibition. Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk extracts were prepared using fresh or dried leaves and extracted by either water or 95% ethanol, respectively. Fresh leaf ethanolic extract was the most toxic to MDA-MB-231 cells measured by 3-(4,5-dimethyl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Fresh leaf ethanolic extract-treated MDA-MB-231 cell death was stained with propidium iodide and examined under fluorescence microscopy. Cell death was confirmed by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide and propidium iodide-stained cells employing flow cytometry. The mitochondrial transmembrane potential was disrupted in fresh leaf ethanolic extract-treated MDA-MB-231 cells and the percentage of cells with reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potential increased according to concentrations. Mitochondrial transmembrane potential-driven regulated cell deaths were in the form of both apoptosis and necrosis. Oxidative stress probe, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, was used to indicate the redox status. Dichlorofluorescein level was significantly lower at high fresh leaf ethanolic extract concentrations. Total phenolic contents were found in all Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk extracts, whereas Ca level in the cytosol increased, indicating Ca overload and endoplasmic reticulum stress involvement with the activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9. In conclusion, fresh leaf ethanolic extract induced human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 programmed cell death via endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress by activating both extrinsic and intrinsic signaling pathways.

Effect of Calomelanone, a Dihydrochalcone Analogue, on Human Cancer Apoptosis/Regulated Cell Death in an In Vitro Model

“…Cell suspension was incubated with DHE at a final concentration of 1 mM for 30 min. The cells were then washed twice with PBS, and the fluorescence intensity of E + was determined using a fluorescence microplate reader (Synergy H4 Hybrid Reader, BioTek®, VT, USA) at wavelengths of 535 nm (excitation) and 635 nm (emission), respectively [ 27 ].…”

Apoptotic induction of the water fraction of Pseuderanthemum palatiferum ethanol extract powder in Jurkat cells monitored by FTIR microspectroscopy

“…Throughout history, plants have been valuable sources for novel anti-cancer drugs [6]. Several studies have described the beneficial effects of plant extract on the risk reduction of chronic diseases, including cancer [7][8][9]. Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk.…”

“…(P. palatiferum), a member of Acanthaceae family, is known as a rich source of multiple types of potent antioxidants: polypheno-lic acids, flavonoids, gallic acid, tannic acid, catechin, rutin, isoquercetin, quercetin, kaempferol, βsitosterol, and stigmasterol as well as other potential anticancer agents [10,11]. Biological properties of P. palatiferum have been characterized including antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive, and anticancer activities [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Previous studies showed that P. palatiferum extract exhibited anti-proliferative effects on 3 types of colon cancer cell lines: HCT15, SW48, and SW480 [14]; and the fresh leaf ethanolic extract of the plant induced MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer programmed cell death [8].…”

Green extraction of polyphenolic-polysaccharide conjugates from Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) Radlk.: Chemical profile and anticoagulant activity

“…Thereafter, various bioactive compounds from the leaf of this plant, including phytosterols (stigmasterol andβ-sitosterol), flavonoids (kaempferol 3-methyl ether 7-O-βglucoside and apigenin 7-O-β-glucoside), saponins, and lipids [24], were determined. In recent studies, the crude extracts from the leaf exhibited various biological activities, such as anticancer [25] and antidiabetic activities [26], hypoglycemic [27] and hypertensive effect [28], antilipolytic and alpha-amylase inhibitory [29], anti-inflammatory [30], acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect [31], and antimicrobial [17,32] activities. Consequently, this plant is recommended in folk medicine in some Southeast Asian countries for promoting people's health and treating various diseases, including hypertension, diarrhea, arthritis, hemorrhoids, J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f stomachache, tumors, colitis, bleeding [27].…”