Effect of in‐office bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide with and without addition of calcium on the enamel surface

Moraes, Izadora Quintela Souza de; Silva, Lucas Nunes de Brito; Porto, Isabel Cristina Celerino de Moraes; Neto, Cantídio Francisco de Lima; Santos, Natanael Barbosa dos; Fragoso, Larissa Silveira de Mendonça

doi:10.1002/jemt.22561

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Morphological alterations arising from interaction between bleaching agent and tooth structure have been reported 1. Sound enamel treated with hydrogen peroxide can present hardness reduction,2–4 mineral loss,4–9 as well as increased roughness6,10,11 and porosity on its surface 7,11,12. However, results are controversial since other studies did not observe difference in enamel components3,12 and hardness13,14 after bleaching using the low concentration of hydrogen peroxide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical changes in enamel submitted to pH cycling and bleaching treatment

Eskelsen¹,

Catelan²,

Hernades³

et al. 2018

CCIDE

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ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess the hardness, mineral content, surface roughness, and micromorphology of sound and slightly demineralized enamels, before and after bleaching procedure using 10% carbamide peroxide.MethodsSixty bovine dental blocks were randomly divided into the following two groups: 30 slabs were submitted to three cycles of pH and 30 slabs were noncycled. Hardness (n=10) was measured using the microhardness tester with Knoop indenter under a 50 g load for 5 seconds. The calcium/phosphate (Ca/P) ratio (n=10) was obtained using a micro-energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (μ-EDXRF) spectrometer. The measurement of roughness average (n=10) was performed using a surface roughness tester. Specimens were bleached 6 hours/day during 21 days, and then, physicochemical properties were re-evaluated. Two additional specimens were carried out to evaluate surface micromorphology using the scanning electron microscopy. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05).ResultsSound and slightly demineralized enamels showed no difference in Ca/P ratio after dental bleaching according to the μ-EDXRF analysis, but the Ca/P ratio decreased after bleaching for slightly demineralized enamel. Bleaching treatment decreased the hardness and increased the surface roughness, causing micromorphology alterations.ConclusionTherefore, bleaching procedure promoted change in bovine enamel surface and increased the demineralization of slightly demineralized enamel but not affected the mineral content of sound enamel.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical changes in enamel submitted to pH cycling and bleaching treatment

Eskelsen¹,

Catelan²,

Hernades³

et al. 2018

CCIDE

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“…12,24 This would have deleterious effects on the tooth surface, such as alterations in the enamel morphology, chemical composition, and microhardness values, 25 with a few studies also describing mild erosive effects promoted by acidic bleaching agents. 9,11,26,27 The hydrogen peroxide gel used in the present study contained 9.5% hydrogen peroxide at a neutral pH and simulated the at-home technique with daily applications of 30 min, for 14 days. The use of hydrogen peroxide instead of carbamide peroxide reduces the daily use period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Bleaching gels can be slightly erosive causing chemical and morphological alterations such as increased surface roughness and reduced microhardness, [4][5][6][7][8] although reports have been controversial. [9][10][11] The association of hydrogen peroxide with calcium has been reported to reduce enamel mineral alterations when bleaching and erosion are combined. [12][13][14][15][16] During the bleaching treatment, the patients should maintain their oral hygiene, in which dentifrices play an important role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Influence of Erosion/Abrasion and the Dentifrice Abrasiveness Concomitant with Bleaching Procedures</p>

Liporoni

Bakar

Zanatta

et al. 2020

CCIDE

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of erosive/abrasive cycles and two different levels of abrasiveness of dentifrices over enamel and dentin subjected to bleaching. Methods: Enamel and dentin bovine specimens were prepared and submitted to an at-home bleaching treatment using 9.5% hydrogen peroxide gel, which was applied daily (30 min/14 days). Concomitant with bleaching, an erosive cycle was performed using citric acid (0.3%, pH 3.8, 5 mins, 3×/day), followed by immersions in artificial saliva for remineralization (30 mins). Abrasion was done with two (high and low abrasiveness) dentifrices (2×/day, 120 seconds) after the first and third erosive immersion each day. Enamel and dentin softening were assessed by microhardness and erosive tooth wear by optical profilometry. Data were submitted to repeated measures ANOVA, followed by the Tukey's test with a significance level of 5%. Results: For the enamel and considering the erosive-abrasive cycle, significant differences were found between the groups tested, the bleaching, and the abrasiveness of the dentifrice tested; however, the final microhardness values were significantly lower than the initial ones. For dentin, differences were found between the eroded/abrasion and the non-eroded/abrasion groups, with the former presenting lower microhardness values compared with the latter. In addition, bleaching decreased the microhardness values only for the highly abrasive dentifrice, and the final values were lower than for the initial ones for all tested groups. Conclusion: The use of high and low abrasiveness dentifrices during bleaching and concomitant with erosion/abrasion cycles is more harmful to dentin than to enamel. Clinical Relevance: Although bleaching is considered a conservative treatment, it can cause deleterious effects to dental hard tissue. The association of an at-home bleaching technique with erosion and high-or low-abrasive dentifrices harms dentin more than enamel.

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“…Conforme os resultados observados nessa pesquisa, não houve efeito na redução da perda mineral em esmalte. Esse achado está de acordo com outro estudo que reportou que as alterações no esmalte foram semelhantes para os dois géis (26). Outros estudos, porém, relataram que não houve perda mineral nos espécimes clareados com gel contento cálcio na composição (27,28).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…No entanto, os dados foram avaliados apenas com estatística descritiva, limitando as conclusões. De Moraes et al (26) relataram um maior potencial de clareamento com a utilização do agente clareador com cálcio, com diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Se esse achado for confirmado por mais investigações, seria relevante clinicamente, pois poderia reduzir o número de sessões de clareamento necessárias, minimizando efeitos indesejados como alterações nos tecidos e sensibilidade dental.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Influência do gel de clareamento e do uso de agente remineralizante na perda mineral em esmalte e na eficácia do tratamento clareador

Oliveira¹,

Carvalho

Ottoni

et al. 2018

JOI

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Objetivo: O objetivo neste estudo foi investigar a ação de diferentes géis de clareamento dental e de um agente remineralizante na dureza em esmalte associada ao clareamento. Método: Dentes bovinos foram utilizados para confeccionar os espécimes de esmalte e armazenados em vinho tinto para promover o manchamento dos mesmos. Após, foram submetidos a três sessões de clareamento com peróxido de hidrogênio 35%. Três grupos (n= 9) foram utilizados para avaliação comparativa: gel de clareamento sem cálcio, gel de clareamento com cálcio e gel de clareamento com cálcio e aplicações de um agente para remineralização. As variáveis de desfecho avaliadas foram o percentual de diminuição da dureza superficial do esmalte em diferentes tempos de armazenamento (7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após o clareamento) e alteração de cor. Os dados foram avaliados com ANOVA (perda mineral) e estatística descritiva (alteração de cor). Resultados: As diferenças de perda mineral entre os grupos não foram estatisticamente significativas em todos os tempos avaliados. Em relação aos valores colorimétricos, todos os grupos apresentaram clareamento substancial após o tratamento. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que não houve influência do produto de remineralização utilizado ou gel clareador na perda mineral em esmalte.

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Effect of in‐office bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide with and without addition of calcium on the enamel surface

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

Physicochemical changes in enamel submitted to pH cycling and bleaching treatment

Physicochemical changes in enamel submitted to pH cycling and bleaching treatment

<p>Influence of Erosion/Abrasion and the Dentifrice Abrasiveness Concomitant with Bleaching Procedures</p>

Influência do gel de clareamento e do uso de agente remineralizante na perda mineral em esmalte e na eficácia do tratamento clareador

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