Effect of infill on tensile and flexural strength of 3D printed PLA parts

Khan, S. F.; Zakaria, Hafizawati; Chong, Y. L.; Saad, M. A. M.; Basaruddin, Khairul Salleh

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/429/1/012101

Cited by 52 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Table 3 shows a list of mechanical properties reported for FDM-produced PLA specimens (Ezeh and Susmel, 2019;Khan et al, 2018;Leite et al, 2018;Ouballouch et al, 2018;Tymrak et al, 2014;Wittbrodt and Pearce, 2015;Yao et al, 2019).Tensile strength values in the literature exhibit a very wide range of 19-58 MPa. While most of the data is somewhat close to the bulk strength of PLA, some of the studies reported much lower strength values.…”

Section: Polylactic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of thermoplastic parts produced by fused deposition modeling:a review

Bakır

Özerinç

2021

RPJ

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Purpose This paper aims to provide an overview of the recent findings of the mechanical properties of parts manufactured by fused deposition modeling (FDM). FDM has become a widely used technique for the manufacturing of thermoplastic parts. The mechanical performance of these parts under service conditions is difficult to predict due to the large number of process parameters involved. The review summarizes the current knowledge about the process-property relationships for FDM-based three-dimensional printing. Design/methodology/approach The review first discusses the effect of material selection, including pure thermoplastics and polymer-matrix composites. Second, process parameters such as nozzle temperature, raster orientation and infill ratio are discussed. Mechanisms that these parameters affect the specimen morphology are explained, and the effect of each parameter on the strength of printed parts are systematically presented. Findings Mechanical properties of FDM-produced parts strongly depend on process parameters and are usually lower than injection-molded counterparts. There is a need to understand the effect of each parameter and any synergistic effects involved better. Practical implications Through the optimization of process parameters, FDM has the potential to produce parts with strength values matching those produced by conventional methods. Further work in the field will make the FDM process more suitable for the manufacturing of load-bearing components. Originality/value This paper presents a critical assessment of the current knowledge about the mechanical properties of FDM-produced parts and suggests future research directions.

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Section: Polylactic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of thermoplastic parts produced by fused deposition modeling:a review

Bakır

Özerinç

2021

RPJ

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“…Concentric infill has not yet been tested in compression in the literature, though studies show it exhibits lower strengths in tension and flexion than other infill patterns when printed using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene or polyactic acid composites (Khan et al, 2017(Khan et al, , 2018Kesavarma et al, 2020), a characteristic that may be beneficial for comfort applications. Cross infill has also not been tested in the literature; thus, a formal study of its behaviour is beneficial.…”

Section: Sample Preparation 211 Printing Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative analysis of the compression characteristics of a thermoplastic polyurethane 3D printed in four infill patterns for comfort applications

Nace

Tiernan

Holland

et al. 2021

RPJ

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Purpose Most support surfaces in comfort applications and sporting equipment are made from pressure-relieving foam such as viscoelastic polyurethane. However, for some users, foam is not the best material as it acts as a thermal insulator and it may not offer adequate postural support. The additive manufacturing of such surfaces and equipment may alleviate these issues, but material and design investigation is needed to optimize the printing parameters for use in pressure relief applications. This study aims to assess the ability of an additive manufactured flexible polymer to perform similarly to a viscoelastic foam for use in comfort applications. Design/methodology/approach Three-dimensional (3D) printed samples of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) are tested in uniaxial compression with four different infill patterns and varying infill percentage. The behaviours of the samples are compared to a viscoelastic polyurethane foam used in various comfort applications. Findings Results indicate that TPU experiences an increase in strength with an increasing infill percentage. Findings from the study suggest that infill pattern impacts the compressive response of 3D printed material, with two-dimensional patterns inducing an elasto-plastic buckling of the cell walls in TPU depending on infill percentage. Such buckling may not be a beneficial property for comfort applications. Based on the results, the authors suggest printing from TPU with a low-density 3D infill, such as 5% gyroid. Originality/value Several common infill patterns are characterised in compression in this work, suggesting the importance of infill choices when 3D printing end-use products and design for manufacturing.

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“…Tensile tests were carried out at room temperature (20 • C), at a relative humidity of 60%. The test speed was 5 mm/min with nominal initial grip to grip separation of 110 mm for each specimen [33]. The force transducer, with a limit of 20 kN, was used with a mechanical gripping system on a Zwick tensile testing frame.…”

Section: Mechanical and Thermal Characterization Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Screening of the Structural and Thermomechanical Properties of FDM Filaments Comprising Thermoplastics Loaded with Cellulose, Carbon and Glass Fibers

et al. 2020

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Additive manufacturing (AM) has been rapidly growing for a decade in both consumer and industrial products. Fused deposition modeling (FDM), one of the most widely used additive manufacturing methods, owes its popularity to cost effectiveness in material and equipment investment. Current efforts are aimed toward high load-bearing capacity at low material costs. However, the mechanical reliability of end-products derived from these compositions and their dependence on microstructural effects, have remained as major limitations. This is mainly owing to the unknown mechanics of the materials, including the reinforcing or filler components and their interphase/interface compatibility. For this reason, here we investigate the most relevant commercial polymeric materials used in composite filaments, associated phases and the characterization protocols that can guide component selection, screening and troubleshooting. We first present thermal analyses (thermogravimetric, TGA and differential scanning calorimetry, DSC) in relation to the constituent fractions and identify the type of polymer for uses in filaments production. The influence of various fillers is unveiled in terms of the crystallization behavior of derived 3D-printed parts. To understand the microstructural effects on the material strength, we carry out a series of tensile experiments on 3-D printed dog-bone shaped specimens following ISO standards. Simultaneously, real-time thermal energy dissipation and damage analyses are applied by using infrared measurements at fast frame rates (200 Hz) and high thermal resolution (50 mK). The failure regions of each specimen are examined via optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopies. The results are used to reveal new insights into the size, morphology and distribution of the constituents and interphases of polymer filaments for FDM. The present study represents advancement in the field of composite filament fabrication, with potential impact in the market of additive manufacturing.

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Effect of infill on tensile and flexural strength of 3D printed PLA parts

Cited by 52 publications

References 2 publications

Mechanical properties of thermoplastic parts produced by fused deposition modeling:a review

Mechanical properties of thermoplastic parts produced by fused deposition modeling:a review

A comparative analysis of the compression characteristics of a thermoplastic polyurethane 3D printed in four infill patterns for comfort applications

Comparative Screening of the Structural and Thermomechanical Properties of FDM Filaments Comprising Thermoplastics Loaded with Cellulose, Carbon and Glass Fibers

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