Effect of Inorganic Salts on the Isobaric Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium of the Ethyl Acetate–Ethanol System

Abstract

The effect of various salts such as magnesium nitrate, calcium nitrate, zinc nitrate, and magnesium chloride on vapor−liquid equilibrium (VLE) of the ethyl acetate−ethanol system was studied experimentally in a modified Othmer still at atmospheric pressure. The influence of cation and anion of the salts on the VLE of the ethyl acetate− ethanol system was examined. It was observed that the order of effect of salts for breaking the azeotrope was Zn(NO 3 ) 2 > Ca(NO 3 ) 2 > Mg(NO 3 ) 2 > MgCl 2 . Salting-out coefficients were calculated using the scaled particle theory. The experimental vapor−liquid equilibrium data with salt was compared with that calculated using the scaled particle theory, and the agreement was satisfactory. Thus, it may be seen that the scaled particle theory can be used to estimate the salt effect of polar solvents in nonaqueous systems.

Vapor–liquid and chemical equilibria model for formaldehyde–trioxane–sulfuric acid–water mixtures

“…The VLE measurements were made at atmospheric pressure (101.33 kPa) using a modified Othmer still (Fig. S1, Supporting Information) and the procedure that had been described previously . The modified Othmer still is a continuous‐distillation still that recirculates the vapor phase only.…”

“…The modified Othmer still is a continuous‐distillation still that recirculates the vapor phase only. The still provides accurate VLE data in a relatively short experimental time . The still has a salt loading port which facilitates the addition of salt and cleaning the still pot.…”

“…The Pt100 RTD (resistance temperature detector with an accuracy of ±0.1 K) sensor was inserted into the still to measure the equilibrium temperature. It is necessary to heat the vapor space 2–3 K above the solution boiling point to prevent refluxing . To accomplish this, the vapor jacket was wrapped with an electrical heating tape controlled by a variable power source.…”

Effect of Salt Magnesium Chloride on Vapour - Liquid Equilibria of Binary Azeotropic Liquid Mixture: Ethyl Acetate – Ethanol

“…P Rath, S C Naik also studied the system ethyl acetate -ethanol by using the salts lithium chloride, lithium bromide and lithium iodide and reported the shift in azeotropic composition [11]. Recently, the same system has been studied by A. R. Balakrishnan and et al with different divalent chloride and nitrate salts at various salt concentrations and successfully correlated the data obtained [12]. The intension of this work is to observe the effect of salt Magnesium Chloride (MgCl 2 ) on vapor liquid equilibrium of binary azeotropic liquid mixture ethyl acetate-ethanol.…”

A new process for fuel ethanol dehydration based on modeling the phase equilibria of the anhydrous MgCl2 + ethanol + water system

“…Special techniques, such as azeotropic distillation, 11 extractive distillation, [12][13][14] membrane vapor permeation, 15 and molecular sieve adsorption, 16 are available for separating ethanol from water above the azeotropic composition. It is necessary for extractive distillation to add a miscible and high-boiling point entrainer such as ethylene glycol that can change the relative volatility of the mixture as well as break the azeotrope.…”