Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Endurance Performance Does Not Surpass Placebo

Abstract

IPC did not change aerobic metabolism parameters, whereas improved endurance performance. The IPC improvement, however, did not surpass the effect of a placebo intervention.

Ischemic preconditioning does not alter muscle sympathetic responses to static handgrip and metaboreflex activation in young healthy men

“…; Sabino‐Carvalho et al. ). Lower post‐exercise blood lactate levels following IPC have been shown recently to correlate with improvements in a self‐paced 5 km running time trial (Seeger et al.…”

“…) or therapeutic ultrasound (Sabino‐Carvalho et al. ), and therefore, placebo and nocebo effects may still have influenced results despite communication with the participants that both interventions may improve exercise tolerance. Further, the determination of an optimal IPC protocol for cytoprotection or exercise benefits in humans remains unknown.…”

“…Such divergent time-dependent responses have not been reported previously following IPC. Instead, we hypothesized that IPC may reduce stimulation of metabolically sensitive skeletal muscle afferents based on evidence that IPC can alter skeletal muscle metabolism, reducing lactate accumulation in animals during prolonged ischemia (Murry et al 1990;Pang et al 1995;Addison et al 2003) and in humans during submaximal exercise (Bailey et al 2012), although the latter not consistently (Kido et al 2015;Sabino-Carvalho et al 2017). Lower post-exercise blood lactate levels following IPC have been shown recently to correlate with improvements in a self-paced 5 km running time trial (Seeger et al 2017).…”

“…As commonly used (Mitchell et al 1983;Victor et al 1988;Ray et al 1994;Amann et al 2015), PECO was considered to isolate the muscle metaboreflex; however, this methodological approach may preferentially isolate metabonociceptors (Amann et al 2015). It must also be noted that the 20 mmHg sham procedure may represent a weaker control as compared to complete occlusion for 1 min (Ferreira et al 2016) or therapeutic ultrasound (Sabino-Carvalho et al 2017), and therefore, placebo and nocebo effects may still have influenced results despite communication with the participants that both interventions may improve exercise tolerance. Further, the determination of an optimal IPC protocol for cytoprotection or exercise benefits in humans remains unknown.…”

Influence of Carbohydrate Gel “Energel. Endurance” on Sportsmen’s Workability

“…Such approach proves their application's purposefulness for efficiency rising [21,23]. It can also increase athlete's physical endurance [26]. Determination of connection between eating and its adequacy is of not less importance [24,27,28].…”