Effect of locally administered novel biodegradable chitosan based risedronate/zinc-hydroxyapatite intra-pocket dental film on alveolar bone density in rat model of periodontitis

Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop a chitosan-based risedronate/zinc-hydroxyapatite intrapocket dental film (CRZHDF) for applications in the treatment of alveolar bone loss in an animal model of periodontitis. The physical characteristics (folding endurance, pH, mucoadhesive strength, risedronate content and release) of CRZHDF, exhibited results within the limit. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates reduced or disappeared crystallinity of risedronate and zinc-hydroxyapatite in presence of chitosan. Further, FTIR studies revealed stability of CRZHDF and compatibility between risedronate, zinc-hydroxyapatite and chitosan. Periodontitis was induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide injections around the mandibular first molar. We divided rats into 5 groups (12 rats/group): healthy, untreated periodontitis; periodontitis plus CRZHDF-A, periodontitis plus CRZHDF-B, and periodontitis plus chitosan film. After four weeks, blood samples and mandibles were obtained for biochemical, radiographic and histological analysis. Bone specific alkaline phosphatise activity and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b was statistically lower in CRZHDF-A and CRZHDF-B groups as compared to the untreated periodontitis group (p < 0.0001). The expression of osteocalcin was statistically higher in CRZHDF-A and CRZHDF-B groups as compared to the untreated periodontitis group (p < 0.0001). Alveolar bone was intact in the healthy group. Local administration of CRZHDF resulted in significant improvements in the mesial and distal periodontal bone support (MPBS and DPBS, respectively) proportions (%), bone mineral density, and also reversed alveolar bone resorption when compared to the untreated periodontitis group (p < 0.001). The study reported here reveals that novel CRZHDF treatment effectively reduced alveolar bone destruction and contributes to periodontal healing in a rat model of experimental periodontitis.

Zinc Adequacy Is Essential for the Maintenance of Optimal Oral Health

“…Khajuria and colleagues performed an experimental clinical study on an animal model of periodontitis to develop a chitosan-based risedronate/zinc hydroxyapatite intrapocket dental film that could be applied in the treatment of alveolar bone loss. [57]. Their results revealed that the treatment effectively reduced alveolar bone destruction and contributed to the healing of the periodontium [57].…”

“…[57]. Their results revealed that the treatment effectively reduced alveolar bone destruction and contributed to the healing of the periodontium [57]. Photodynamic inactivation with quaternized Zn (II) phthalocyanines and specific light irradiation are effective for inactivating drug-resistant periodontal bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans [58].…”

Towards the nano‐control of periodontal inflammation?

“…Various anti‐inflammatory agents acting on different pathways of inflammation were also tested: 15d‐PGJ2 (Napimoga et al, ), ketoprofen (Srivastava, Neupane, Kumar, & Kohli, ), thymol (Botelho et al, ), redox injectable gel (Saita et al, ), risedronate (Khajuria, Zahra, & Razdan, ), metformin hydrochloride (Pereira et al, ), curcumin (Zambrano et al, ), L‐cysteine (Ni et al, ), auranofin (ARN) (Valerio, Alexis, & Kirkwood, ) and N‐phenacyl‐thiazolium bromide (Lin, Feng, Yu, Wang, & Chang, ). Inflammatory response was evaluated by the analysis of many cells, such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages and mediators, such as IL‐1β, IL‐6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α, CCL‐22 and forkhead box (FOX) P3.…”

Remineralization potential of nano-hydroxyapatite on enamel and cementum surrounding margin of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing ceramic restoration

“…However, NHA has received much attention in the medical field for the treatment of osteoporosis as well as in the dental field for the treatment of alveolar bone destruction. [16][17][18] NHA has been reported to provide novel prevention strategies for the treatment of dental caries, specifically in the control and management of dental plaque biofilm and remineralization of initial dental caries. 19 Nanoparticles are generally considered to be of a size that is much smaller than micrometerscale, which can dramatically change the resultant properties, such as hardness, active surface area, chemical reactivity, and biological activity.…”