Effect of metal ions on the entomopathogenic nematodeheterorhabditis bacteriophora poinar (Nematoda: Heterohabditidae) under laboratory conditions

Abstract

Abstract. The effect of sixteen metal ions: AI, Cd, Co(ll). Cr(lll), Cr(VI), Cu(lI), Fe(III), Li, Mg, Mn(ll), Mo(VI), Ni(II), Pb(ll), Se(IV), V(V), and Zn on the mortality and infectivity of fteterorhahditis hac'teriol~hora were observed over a 96 hr period. All ions except Pb(lI) even at natur:dly unrealistic concentrations did not cause the mortality of the nematodes. A weak vitalizing effect could eventually be observed with Mn(II), Mg, Fe(IlI) and Ni(ll) ( Table I). However, such treatment generally lowered infectivity of the nematodes with respect to wax moth caterpillars, Galh'ria melhmella. This effect was particularly signilicant with Ni(ll) and Pb(ll).

Comparative study of element contents in seven isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes

“…Therefore, it was surprising to discover that Cu was the most abundant element in all nematode isolates in our study and its concentration was the highest among all the other studied elements. However, Jaworska et al (1997a) mentioned that Fe and Cu ions vitalized IJs of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and increased their mobility and pathogenic abilities which could support our findings. One explanation for the high level of Cu concentration in all the studied EPN isolates is that nematodes during their early stages inside the insect body collect and accumulate Cu from the surrounding Cu-rich insect hemolymph (Malik and Malik, 2009).…”

Effects of Soil Chemical Characteristics on the Occurrence of Entomopathogenic Nematodes

“…However previous laboratory studies have shown that Mn slightly stimulated the reproduction of S. feltiae [30]. Positive correlation between Magnesium and EPNs confirms previous laboratory studies on Heterorhabditis bacteriophora [31], that showed both manganese and magnesium to neutralize negative effect of lead on S. feltiae mortality [30]. In the two sites, Sodium (Na) did not have any impact on the nematode population but has been reported to kill developing nematodes leaving behind infective juveniles [32].…”

“…In the two sites, Sodium (Na) did not have any impact on the nematode population but has been reported to kill developing nematodes leaving behind infective juveniles [32]. Amounts of metal ions such as Iron (Fe 2+ ) have been reported to have a weak vitalizing effect on the infectivity of the nematodes with respect to wax moth caterpillars, Galleria mellonella [33], however Barrios et al [34] showed that metals such as Cr, Fe, Mo, Ni, Va, Cd, Zn and Li negatively affect virulence and infectivity of EPNs. EPN survival and activity has showed that high levels some heavy metals negatively affect virulence and infectivity of EPNs [10,30].…”

Bazı inorganik gübrelerin entomopatojen nematodlar (Steinernema feltiae Tur-S3 ve Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HBH) üzerine etkileri

“…There is more accumulation of heavy metals in the areas where agricultural activities such as fertilizing are conducted than in natural areas (Campos-Herrera et al 2010). Some heavy metals have a direct lethal effect on EPNs and, if not lethal, reduce their ability to infect hosts (Jaworska et al 1996;Jaworska et al 1997;Sun et al 2016). In addition, EPNs were found to be more susceptible to heavy metals in the soil than plant parasitic nematodes (Sun et al 2016).…”