Effect of Ni, Zn and Fe on hydrothermal liquefaction of cellulose: Impact on bio-crude yield and composition

Hydrothermal liquefaction of post-consumer mixed textile waste for recovery of bio-oil and terephthalic acid

“…In previous studies (de Caprariis et al, 2021;do Couto Fraga et al, 2021;Feng et al, 2019;Yin and Tan, 2012) higher bio-oil yields between 14 and 28% were obtained from cellulose at 300 • C depending on the residence time, while further increase in temperature lowered the bio-oil yield (Feng et al, 2019;Yin and Tan, 2012).…”

“…Different furan derivatives can be formed from 5-HMF through a series of reactions, such as decarbonylation, hydrogenation, isomerisation, etc. (de Caprariis et al, 2021). Benzofurans were previously reported to be generated through Diels-Alder self-condensation reactions of furan derivatives (Gilbert et al, 2014).…”

Thermochemical Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass into Mass-Producible Fuels: Emerging Technology Progress and Environmental Sustainability Evaluation

“…For cellulose and hemicellulose, their hydrothermal conversion starts with the hydrolysis of glucosidic bonds to form glucose and xylose, respectively. 60,61 Glucose and xylose can be further dehydrated and decomposed to form a series of furans and other C2−C5 compounds (Figure 3a). For lignin, cleavage and hydrolysis of C−C and C−O−C bonds, alkylation, demethoxylation, and condensation are the main reactions, which are in competition with each other in the hydrothermal conversion process.…”

“…Treating lignocellulosic biomass under hydrothermal conditions can increase its solubility, accelerate the physical and chemical interactions between the biomass and aqueous medium, and finally lead to the efficient decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the biomass to form liquid products. For cellulose and hemicellulose, their hydrothermal conversion starts with the hydrolysis of glucosidic bonds to form glucose and xylose, respectively. , Glucose and xylose can be further dehydrated and decomposed to form a series of furans and other C2–C5 compounds (Figure a).…”

“…For cellulose and hemicellulose, their hydrothermal conversion starts with the hydrolysis of glucosidic bonds to form glucose and xylose, respectively. 60 , 61 Glucose and xylose can be further dehydrated and decomposed to form a series of furans and other C2–C5 compounds ( Figure 3 a).…”