Effect of nutrient intake during pregnancy on fetal and placental growth and vascular development

Redmer, Dale A.; Wallace, Jacqueline M.; Reynolds, Lawrence P.

doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2004.06.006

Cited by 233 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Moderate or severe undernutrition during mid or late gestation reduces lamb BWT (Heasman et al, 1999;Anthony et al, 2003;Redmer et al, 2004;Luther et al, 2005). Interestingly, undernutrition can also cause relative increases in the weights of specific foetal organs, such as the heart and lungs (Harding and Johnston, 1995).…”

Section: Litter-size-dependent Iugr and Nutritional Insultmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Foetal growth rate and subsequent birth weight (BWT) of lambs are determined by the genetic background of the foetus which governs its drive for growth, by its paternal genotype which determines placental size, morphology and efficiency of nutrient transfer to the growing foetus, by external environmental conditions such as nutritional status, which affect maternal physiology, and by specific uterine environment-related conditions such as the number of foetuses in the litter (Dickinson et al, 1962;Anthony et al, 2003;Redmer et al, 2004;Safari et al, 2005;Reynolds et al, 2006). Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), which leads to the birth of smaller lambs with reduced survival ability, occurs in sheep naturally and can be induced by several means.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental IUGR IUGR can be induced in ewes by various means, including manipulation of maternal nutrition, administration of glucocorticoids, artificial restriction of placental size, creation of uteroplacental embolisms, and exposure of pregnant ewes to extreme environmental conditions, such as high temperature and low oxygen pressure (McMillen et al, 2001;Regnault et al, 2002;Redmer et al, 2004;Fowden et al, 2006c;Wallace et al, 2006). Interestingly, such simple practices as shearing ewes during mid or late pregnancy can increase lamb BWTs (Symonds et al, 1992;Revell et al, 2000;Kenyon et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Litter-size-dependent intrauterine growth restriction in sheep

Gootwine

Spencer

Bazer

2007

Animal

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Regulation of foetal development in sheep depends on interactions between the intrinsic capacity of the foetus for growth and the maternal environment. Lambs born in multi-foetus litters have relatively small placentae with fewer cotelydons, and lower birth weights. Litter-size-dependent intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is evident at mid gestation when metabolic needs of the conceptus are moderate, and overnutrition of ewes with multiple foetuses does not promote growth of their foetuses to the size of singletons. Those observations suggest that placental and conceptus growth in multi-foetus pregnancies is reprogrammed at mid gestation by an as yet undefined mechanism to attenuate foetal growth. This may protect the foetus from severe nutritional insult during late gestation, when its daily growth rate is at a maximum. In that way, lambs born in large litters with relatively lower birth weights may not experience the long-term physiological insults that can be observed in small lambs born to undernourished ewes.

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Section: Litter-size-dependent Iugr and Nutritional Insultmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Litter-size-dependent intrauterine growth restriction in sheep

Gootwine

Spencer

Bazer

2007

Animal

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“…In addition to the level of maternal nutrition, the age and growth status of the dam at the time of pregnancy are of major importance. Since in adolescent pregnancy nutrient partitioning toward maternal tissue growth and fat deposition is absolutely prioritized, suboptimal dietary intake has an even more detrimental effect on fetal development than seen in adults (Redmer et al, 2004). The latter has been repeatedly demonstrated in the pregnant adolescent sheep model by Wallace and co-workers (Wallace et al, 1998), who showed that overnourishing adolescent ewes promotes rapid maternal tissue growth but leads to a concomitant reduction in lamb birth weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In adult pregnancy, the gravid uterus receives a very large proportion of total cardiac output, enabling the pregnant mother to favor partitioning of nutrients toward the developing embryo/fetus, sometimes even at her own expense (Redmer et al, 2004). Despite this high priority status of the conceptus, the prenatal growth trajectory remains extremely sensitive to environmental and maternal challenges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for placental compensation in cattle

Eetvelde

Kamal

Hostens

et al. 2016

Animal

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Prenatal development is known to be extremely sensitive to maternal and environmental challenges. In this study, we hypothesize that body growth and lactation during gestation in cattle reduce nutrient availability for the pregnant uterus, with consequences for placental development. Fetal membranes of 16 growing heifers and 27 fully grown cows of the Belgian Blue (BB) breed were compared to determine the effect of body growth on placental development. Furthermore, the fetal membranes of 49 lactating Holstein Friesian (HF) cows and 27 HF heifers were compared to study the impact of dam lactation compared to dam body growth. After parturition, calf birth weight and body measurements of dam and calf were recorded, as well as weight of total fetal membranes, cotyledons and intercotyledonary membranes. All cotyledons were individually measured to calculate both the surface of each individual cotyledon and the total cotyledonary surface per placenta. Total cotyledonary surface was unaffected by breed or the breed × parity interaction. Besides a 0.3 kg lower cotyledonary weight ( P = 0.007), heifer placentas had a smaller total cotyledonary surface compared with placentas of cows (0.48 ± 0.017 v. 0.54 ± 0.014 m 2 , respectively, P < 0.001). Within the BB breed, fetal membranes of heifers had a 1.5 kg lower total weight and 1.0 kg lower intercotyledonary membrane weight ( P < 0.005) compared with cows. A cotyledon number of only 91 ± 5.4 was found in multiparous BB dams, while growing BB heifers had a higher cotyledon number (126 ± 6.7, P < 0.001), but a greater proportion of smaller cotyledons (<40 cm 2 ). Within the HF breed, no parity effect on intercotyledonary membrane weight, cotyledon number and individual cotyledonary surface was found. Placental efficiency (calf weight/total cotyledonary surface) was similar in HF and BB heifers but significantly higher in multiparous BB compared with multiparous HF dams (106.0 ± 20.45 v. 74.3 ± 12.27 kg/m 2 , respectively, P < 0.001). Furthermore, a seasonal effect on placental development was found, with winter and spring placentas having smaller cotyledons than summer and fall placentas ( P < 0.001). Main findings of the present study are that lactation and maternal growth during gestation entail a comparable nutrient diverting constraint, which might alter placental development. However, results suggest that the placenta is able to manage this situation through two potential compensation mechanisms. In early pregnancy the placenta might cope by establishing a higher number of cotyledons, while in late gestation a compensatory expansion of the cotyledonary surface is suggested to meet the nutrient demand of the fetus.

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