Effect of Osmotic Gradients on Water Transport, Hydrogen Ion and Chloride Ion Production in the Resting and Secreting Stomach

Rehm, Warren S.; Schlesinger, H. I.; Dennis, Warren H.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1953.175.3.473

Cited by 33 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…During epithelial restitution the nonstimulated H+ secretion remained close to zero lev el, whereas stimulated secretion gradually re covered. As shown in a recent study, acid secretion of the in vitro frog fundic mucosa also decreased markedly after exposure to 1 M NaCI [27], Rehm et al [18] observed that hypertonic solutions of 2-4 M NaCI and NaNOi decreased histamine-stimulated acid secretion in chambered portions of rat fundic mucosa with intact blood supply. Harper et al [9] showed that gastric installation of hy perosmolar glycine and mannitol solutions (383-1,095 mosm kg-1) reduced acid secre tion in response to histamine and gastrin in cats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Regional Blood Flow and Acid Secretion Associated with Damage and Restitution of the Gastric Surface Epithelium in Cats

Dzienis¹,

Grönbech²,

Varhaug³

et al. 1987

Eur Surg Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The gastric mucosa of anesthetized cats was exposed to 2 M NaCl for 10 min. After returning to gastric perfusion with 150 mM/NaCl and pH 7.40, with and without pentagastrin stimulation, transmucosal potential difference decreased to zero and then gradually increased to approximately half the original value during the following 90 min. H⁺ secretion decreased and remained close to zero after exposure to 2 M NaCl in nonstimulated cats, whereas pentagastrin-stimulated secretion gradually increased to nearly half the preexposure level. Mucosal blood flow increased, and the vascular resistance decreased in the posterior wall of the stomach corresponding to epithelial damage, as observed by light microscopy after 15 min. Blood flow during pentagastrin stimulation was initially high in fundus and corpus and did not increase further after exposure to 2 M NaCl, but showed similar changes as without pentagastrin in the antrum. Epithelial restitution occurred within 90 min during both nonstimulated conditions and pentagastrin stimulation. In control animals subjected to 150 mM NaCl there were no changes in transmucosal potential difference, H⁺ secretion, or blood flow throughout the experiment and epithelial damage was not found. In conclusion, damage caused by 2 M NaCl to the gastric surface epithelium was associated with decreased acid secretion and increased mucosal blood flow. These factors may contribute to creating favorable conditions for the epithelial restitution, indicated by restoration of transmucosal potential difference and observed by light microscopy.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Regional Blood Flow and Acid Secretion Associated with Damage and Restitution of the Gastric Surface Epithelium in Cats

Dzienis¹,

Grönbech²,

Varhaug³

et al. 1987

Eur Surg Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The prolongation of gastric emptying time by hyperosmolal solutions in the duodenum has also been extensively investigated by Hunt and his collaborators (Hunt & Pathak, 1960;Hunt & Knox, 1968). Rehm, Schlesinger & Dennis (1953) observed that hypertonic saline solutions in contact with separated portions of canine fundic mucosa decreased its histamine-stimulated acid secretion. Altamirano (1969 a, b) in a similar canine preparation found that hyperosmotic solutions of nonelectrolytes increased the output of sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate by the stomach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of intragastric hyperosmolal solutions on gastric functions

Harper¹,

Reed²,

Smy³

1970

The Journal of Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMIARY1. The effects of intragastric hyperosmolal solutions on resting and secreting stomachs of anaesthetized cats have been studied.2. Hyperosmolal solutions reduced acid secretion in response to histamine and gastrin. There was a significant correlation between increase in osmolality and decrease in acid response to small doses of gastrin. A continuous acid secretion produced by large doses of gastrin was not significantly reduced.3. The loss of H+ from resting stomachs is related to the pH and osmolality of the instilled fluid. The loss was greatest at low pH and high osmolality, but was insufficient to account for the H+ loss from secreting stomachs at similar pH and osmolality.4. The Na+ output into resting stomachs was increased by hyperosmolal solutions, the increase being related only to the osmolality of the solutions. For the same degree of hyperosmolality there was no difference between the sodium output into resting and secreting stomachs.5. The H+ deficit associated with intragastric hyperosmolal conditions does not seem to depend upon a neural mechanism, a blood-borne hormone, or a reduction in gastric blood flow. Evidence is presented that diffusion, exchange or neutralizing mechanisms are unlikely to be responsible for the H+ deficit. It is suggested that inhibition of oxyntic cell activity by release of a chemical agent from the surface cells of the mucosa is the most likely explanation of the results observed.6. The possible physiological significance of intragastric hyperosmolal inhibition of acid secretion is discussed.

show abstract

“…This implies that the flow of water across the epithelium results from osmotic gradients, but we have not found reports on satisfactory quantitative experiments on the matter. The observations made by Rehm, Schlesinger & Dennis (1953), that superficial epithelium of canine mucosa is impermeable to water, seem to arise from the inadequacy of the method used, as Cope, Blatt & Ball (1943) found that deuterated water (DHO) diffuses rapidly from gastric pouches. The mouse stomach (Obrink, 1956), as well as the human stomach (Code, Scholer, Hichtower, Dietzler & Baldes, 1954;, are also readily permeable to labelled water.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The permeability of the gastric mucosa of dog

Altamirano¹,

Martinoya²

1966

The Journal of Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

2. The osmotic pressure of the solutions placed in contact with the secretory surface of the epithelium was changed by means of dextrose or urea. The mucosa behaved as a semi-permeable membrane, meaning that water flowed under gradients of osmotic pressure. Regardless of the solute used, about 45 x 10-6 ml. of water flowed/cm2/min under a gradient of one atmosphere.3. The permeability constants of the probing molecules were determined under zero net volume flow obtained by placing isosmotic dextrose or isosmotic urea in the chamber. The constants decreased as the molecular volume of the probing molecules increased.4. The transport of all the non-electrolytes across the epithelium decreased significantly when the chamber contained isosmotic dextrose. Basically, this effect seems to be a result of the reduction of the area available for diffusion caused by the high molecular volume of dextrose.5. The increased hindrance to diffusion of the probing molecules caused by the added solutes is considered as good evidence that the probing molecules diffuse by way of pores filled with water.6. The equation derived by Renkin (1954) fits the results obtained if we assume that the equivalent membrane has pores of at least two different radii. The calculated radii vary somewhat with the solute placed in the chamber, though about 88% of the area available for diffusion consists of pores with radii smaller than 2-5 A.

show abstract

Effect of Osmotic Gradients on Water Transport, Hydrogen Ion and Chloride Ion Production in the Resting and Secreting Stomach

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Regional Blood Flow and Acid Secretion Associated with Damage and Restitution of the Gastric Surface Epithelium in Cats

Regional Blood Flow and Acid Secretion Associated with Damage and Restitution of the Gastric Surface Epithelium in Cats

Effects of intragastric hyperosmolal solutions on gastric functions

The permeability of the gastric mucosa of dog

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About