Effect of ozone on oral cells compared with established antimicrobials

Abstract

Ozone has been proposed as an alternative antiseptic agent in dentistry based on reports of its antimicrobial effects in both gaseous and aqueous forms. This study investigated whether gaseous ozone (4 x 10(6) microg m(-3)) and aqueous ozone (1.25-20 microg ml(-1)) exert any cytotoxic effects on human oral epithelial (BHY) cells and gingival fibroblast (HGF-1) cells compared with established antiseptics [chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) 2%, 0.2%; sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 5.25%, 2.25%; hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) 3%], over a time of 1 min, and compared with the antibiotic, metronidazole, over 24 h. Cell counts, metabolic activity, Sp-1 binding, actin levels, and apoptosis were evaluated. Ozone gas was found to have toxic effects on both cell types. Essentially no cytotoxic signs were observed for aqueous ozone. CHX (2%, 0.2%) was highly toxic to BHY cells, and slightly (2%) and non-toxic (0.2%) to HGF-1 cells. NaOCl and H(2)O(2) resulted in markedly reduced cell viability (BHY, HGF-1), whereas metronidazole displayed mild toxicity only to BHY cells. Taken together, aqueous ozone revealed the highest level of biocompatibility of the tested antiseptics.

The Effect of Ozonated Water and Chlorhexidine Gluconate on Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Clinical Trial

“…The results of the research by Huth et al also proved greater positive effects of ozonated water on gum cells in comparison with those of other solutions (40). Although there is a lack of research on the effect of ozonated water on the prevention of VAP infection, there is literature on the relationship between VAP and oral care and the number of oral microorganisms (1,12), and the application of ozonated water to eliminate many of such microorganisms (23,34,41).…”

Management of Mandibular Osteomyelitis Combined with Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) and Ozone

“…25 The ozone treatment is painless and increases the patients' tolerability and fulfillment with minimal adverse effects. Most of the published articles considering the use of ozone in dentistry have been in relation to its antimicrobial effects [26][27][28] . Also, there is insufficient evidence in the application of ozone in oral and maxillofacial surgery.…”

Unusual Root Canal Irrigation Solutions

“…66 Hems et al 67 concluded that ozone in solution has antibacterial effect against planktonic E. faecalis; however, it was not effective in a biofilm environment unless displaced into surrounding medium by using agitation. It was also shown that gaseous ozone was not effective on biofilm of E. faecalis.…”