Effect of Periodontal Therapy on Serum Lipid Levels

Abstract

Background & objectives: Periodontitis is a destructive inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth that occurs in response to a predominantly Gram-negative bacterial infection originating from dental plaque. Periodontitis presents with increased systemic inflammation and is known to contribute to rise in serum lipid levels. The aim of present study was to determine influence of periodontal therapy on serum lipid levels. Methods: A total of 105 consecutive subjects were studied. Group I (n=35) included subjects with chronic generalised periodontitis who were not given periodontal therapy during study period and served as control group. Group II (n=70) comprised of subjects with chronic generalized periodontitis who were rendered needful periodontal therapy. Serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL & LDL cholesterol were measured at day 0 (baseline) and reassessed on day 60. Results: In the treatment group, serum triglycerides (Pre=127.81±59.32 & Post = 121.20 ± 58.94 mg/dL, p < 0.001)), total cholesterol (Pre=176.33±38.31 & Post=171.39±31.19 mg/dL, p=0.045) and mean LDLcholesterol levels (Pre=91.91±28.54 & Post=83.94±26.00 mg/dL, p < 0.001) showed a significant decline from the pre-treatment values. HDL-cholesterol levels did not change significantly in both groups. Other lipid levels were not significantly altered in the control group. Conclusions: Patients of chronic generalised periodontitis who were offered periodontal therapy showed improvement in the various lipid parameters except HDL-cholesterol, which was not significantly altered. Chronic periodontitis in otherwise healthy individuals may therefore, be contributing to the systemic inflammatory burden in these patients and adversely altering the lipid profile.

Effect of overweight/obesity on response to periodontal treatment: systematic review and a meta‐analysis

“…Tandon et al. () found that patients with chronic generalized periodontitis who were offered periodontal therapy showed improvement in most lipid parameters except high‐density lipoproteins cholesterol, which was not significantly altered. Chronic periodontitis in otherwise healthy individuals may therefore be contributing to systemic inflammatory burden in these patients and adversely altering the lipid profile.…”

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“…Shruthi et al . [ 26 ] when comparing the impact of periodontal therapy on lipid levels, found all lipid levels except HDL to be improved after phase I therapy. The proposed randomized control trial by Ramirez et al .,[ 27 ] is expected to provide more evidence on the effects of different treatment modalities on levels of surrogate biomarkers for CVD.…”

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