Effect of perspired moisture and material properties on evaporative cooling and thermal protection of the clothed human body exposed to radiant heat

Guan, Manhao; Psikuta, Agnes; Camenzind, Martin; Li, Jun; Mandal, Sumit; Rossi, René M.; Annaheim, Simon

doi:10.1177/0040517518817067

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Recently, Guan et al (2019) [ 37 ] studied the sweat transfer through the fabrics in consideration with the material properties, external radiant heat and internal metabolic heat by using the sweating torso. In this study, it has been found that the sweating induces evaporative cooling and increases the external radiant heat transfer to the wearers’ body for hydrophobic materials.…”

Section: Characterization and Modeling Of Thermo-physiological Comfort Performance Of Polymeric Textile Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these tests are fabric destructive in nature, time consuming, and/or expensive to carry out on a regular basis [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. As a result, previous studies have focused on characterizing and developing empirical models to predict the protective and comfort performance based on physical properties of the fabrics [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]. For this, first, significant fabrics’ properties that affect the protective and comfort performance of fabrics were identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and Modeling of Thermal Protective and Thermo-Physiological Comfort Performance of Polymeric Textile Materials—A Review

et al. 2021

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In 2017, more than 60,000 firefighters and oilfield-workers injuries and fatalities occurred while they were working under various thermal hazards such as flame, radiant heat, steam, etc., or due to their significant heat stress related discomfort. The majority of these burn injuries and fatalities results from an inadequate protection and comfort provided by firefighters’ and oilfield-workers’ fire protective polymeric textile materials used in their workwear. Hence, both the thermal protective and thermo-physiological comfort performance of fabrics used in workwear significantly contribute to limit firefighters’ and oilfield-workers’ skin burns and heat stress. Considering this, previous studies have focused on characterizing and developing empirical models to predict the protective and comfort performance based on physical properties of the fabrics. However, there are still some technical knowledge gaps in the existing literature related to this. This paper critically reviewed the literature on characterization and modeling of thermal protective and thermo-physiological comfort performance of fire protective textile fabric materials. The key issues in this field have been indicated in order to provide direction for the future research and advance this scientific field for better protection and comfort of the firefighters and oilfield-workers.

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Section: Characterization and Modeling Of Thermo-physiological Comfort Performance Of Polymeric Textile Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Modeling of Thermal Protective and Thermo-Physiological Comfort Performance of Polymeric Textile Materials—A Review

et al. 2021

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“…In the manufactured workwear for high-risk sectors' employees, layered fabric systems are generally used. These fabric systems consist of different types of high-performance fabrics (an outer shell, a moisture barrier, and/or a thermal liner) in an assembly [28][29][30]. In this study, the commercially available and commonly used high-performance fabrics in the manufacturing of thermal protective clothing were selected based on the fiber content, weave structure, mass, thickness, and air permeability ( Table 1).…”

Section: Fabric Selection and Properties Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and modeling of thermal protective fabrics under Molotov cocktail exposure

Mandal

Song

Rossi

et al. 2021

Journal of Industrial Textiles

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This study aims to characterize and model the thermal protective fabrics usually used in workwear under Molotov cocktail exposure. Physical properties of the fabrics were measured; and, thermal protective performances of the fabrics were evaluated under a fire exposure generated from the laboratory-simulated Molotov cocktail. The performance was calculated in terms of the amount of thermal energy transmitted through the fabrics; additionally, the time required to generate a second-degree burn on wearers’ bodies was predicted from the calculated transmitted thermal energy. For the characterization, the parameters that affected the protective performance were identified and discussed with regards to the theory of heat and mass transfer. The relationships between the properties of the fabric systems and the protective performances were statistically analyzed. The significant fabric properties affecting the performance were further employed in the empirical modeling techniques − Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for predicting the protective performance. The Coefficient of Determination (R2) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the developed MLR and ANN models were also compared to identify the best-fit model for predicting the protective performance. This study found that thermal resistance and evaporative resistance are two significant properties (P-Values < 0.05) that negatively affect the transmitted thermal energy through the fabric systems. Also, R2 and RMSE values of ANN model were much higher (R2 = 0.94) and lower (RMSE = 37.42), respectively, than MLR model (R2 = 0.73; RMSE = 191.38); therefore, ANN is the best-fit model to predict the protective performance. In summary, this study could build an in-depth understanding of the parameters that can affect the protective performance of fabrics used in the workwear of high-risk sectors employees and would provide them better occupational health and safety.

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“…The reason could be that the low emissivity of material decreased the heat absorption from the external radiant heat source. The torso itself thus had to provide higher heating power to maintain the constant surface temperature 49 , which led to the higher evaporation rate. Note: The form of the regression equation is as follows: y=a1*sweat rate+ a2*hydrophilicity+ a3*weight+ a4*thickness+a5*Rct+ a6*Ret+ a7*emissivity+b, y is the ̇, 2 and ̇, 3 , respectively.…”

Section: Effect Of Materials Properties On Evaporation Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Moisture transfer of the clothing–human body system during continuous sweating under radiant heat

Guan

Annaheim

Camenzind

et al. 2019

Textile Research Journal

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Mass transfer due to perspired moisture in a clothing system is critical for the understanding of thermo-physiology and thermal protection of a clothed body. Previous studies usually investigated moisture transfer without considering the effect of liquid sweating or external heat hazards. To understand the mechanisms of sweat evaporation, accumulation and dripping with continuous sweating under radiant heat, a multi-phase experiment was designed with a sweating Torso. The concept of clothed wettedness was proposed to understand sweat evaporation of the clothed body. Results showed that the evaporation rate of the clothed body increased with increasing perspiration rate and the rate increase can be explained by the material properties (e.g., material composition, hydrophilicity and evaporative resistance ([Formula: see text])), which affected the sweat accumulation ability. Results also demonstrated a dual relationship of [Formula: see text] with the evaporation rate of the clothed body. Firstly, the evaporation rate was increased for greater [Formula: see text] due to the higher moisture accumulation. Secondly, when [Formula: see text] exceeded a certain value, the evaporation rate decreased with greater [Formula: see text] due to the reduction in the mass transfer coefficient. For radiant heat exposure, evaporated sweat may condense on the skin surface, decreasing the evaporation rate and increasing the dripping rate. The sweat transfer process was also investigated in detail by the combined analysis of the sweat transfer rate and the evaporative cooling efficiency. This study provides insights into how continuous liquid sweat transfers and evaporates in the clothed body and its interaction with clothing material and environment radiant heat, contributing to the understanding of thermo-physiological burden and thermal protection of the clothed body with intensive activities.

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Effect of perspired moisture and material properties on evaporative cooling and thermal protection of the clothed human body exposed to radiant heat

Cited by 26 publications

References 38 publications

Characterization and Modeling of Thermal Protective and Thermo-Physiological Comfort Performance of Polymeric Textile Materials—A Review

Characterization and Modeling of Thermal Protective and Thermo-Physiological Comfort Performance of Polymeric Textile Materials—A Review

Characterization and modeling of thermal protective fabrics under Molotov cocktail exposure

Moisture transfer of the clothing–human body system during continuous sweating under radiant heat

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