Effect of Potentiating Exercise Volume on Vertical Jump Parameters in Recreationally Trained Men

Abstract

High-force activities have demonstrated postactivation potentiation (PAP) and may enhance performance in athletes; however, the efficacy of high-force activities to generate PAP in recreationally trained men remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of high-force back squat volume on vertical jump (VJ) height, ground reaction force (GRF), impulse (IMP), and takeoff velocity (TOV) in recreationally trained men. Sixteen recreationally trained men (age 24.56 +/- 2.10 years, height 174.53 +/- 8.54 cm, mass 84.59 +/- 14.75 kg, and 1 repetition maximum [1RM] back squat 124.71 +/- 17.58 kg) with at least 1 year of back squat experience completed 5 testing sessions separated by a minimum of 72 hours' rest. On session 1, subjects completed VJ testing without a potentiating exercise intervention (control condition) in a test-retest fashion (3 VJs, 5 minutes seated rest, and 3 more VJs) and performed 1RM back squat testing. Subjects completed the subsequent 4 testing sessions in a test-retest fashion (3 VJs, experimental condition, 5 minutes seated rest, and 3 more VJs) in random order. The 4 experimental conditions required subjects to perform the back squat using a load of 85% 1RM with volumes of 1 x 2, 1 x 3, 1 x 4, or 1 x 5. Analysis of variance revealed no significant (p > 0.05) condition by time interactions for any dependent variable; however, there were significant (p < 0.05) main effects for time for GRF (pre 2,123.74 +/- 422.86 N, > post 2,094.53 +/- 390.99 N) and IMP (pre 210.88 +/- 100.97 Nxs, > post 204.63 +/- 106.14 Nxs) but not for VJ or TOV. These results suggest that 85% 1RM back squat volume assignments do not produce a VJ potentiation response in recreationally trained men.

Enhancement of jump performance after a 5-RM squat is associated with postactivation potentiation

“…Nevertheless, with the assumption that weight lifting exercise induces PAP, several studies have tested whether one or more sets of a weight lifting exercise would enhance subsequently performed ''explosive'' movements such as vertical jumps (Bishop 2003;Hodgson et al 2005;Tillin and Bishop 2009). In the present study, we conducted a protocol similar to that used previously to test the effect of weight lifting exercise on subsequent vertical jump height (Jensen and Ebben 2003;Jones and Lees 2003;Khamoui et al 2009;McCann and Flanagan 2010;Scott and Docherty 2004;Weber et al 2008;Young et al 1998). Subjects did five sets of counter-movement jumps (CMJs) before and 4 min after one set of barbell back squats done with the heaviest weight that could be used for five repetitions, referred to as the five repetition maximum or 5-RM.…”

Treinamento de força com uso de correntes e potencialização pós-ativação do salto vertical

“…Na presente investigação, o uso de resistência fixa não proporcionou PPA para o salto vertical com, inclusive, diminuição de rendimento. Além de outros trabalhos também demonstrarem este fenômeno (KHAMOUI et al, 2009;MC-CANN;FLANAGAN, 2010), pode ser que um único dia para avaliações, teste de 1RM e estímulo de resistência fixa tenha afetado o desempenho dos indivíduos e seja considerada uma das limitações deste estudo. Isto se dá, possivelmente, em decorrência da coexistência entre fadiga e a PPA.…”

“…No entanto, até o presente momento, todos estudos referentes à PPA fizeram uso de resistência fixa (RF), geralmente entre 70% e 100% de 1RM, a qual decorre de carga máxima obtida próxima ao ponto de falha mecânica (PFM) nos testes de força dinâmica máxima. (KHAMOUI; JO; BROWN, 2011;McCANN;FLANAGAN, 2010;KHAMOUI et al, 2009). Assim, é possível que toda amplitude de movimento após o PFM seja cumprida com esforço submáximo e decrescente.…”

Bases fisiológicas del calentamiento en voleibol: propuesta práctica (Physiological Basis of Volleyball Warm-Up: Practical Proposal)

“…Sin embargo, la literatura muestra una gran diversidad en cuanto a protocolos de potenciación, especialmente en relación a volumen y carga de trabajo (Chiu et al, 2003;Khamoui et al, 2009;Mangus et al, 2006;Sáez Sáez de Villareal, González-Badillo & Izquierdo, 2007), por lo que, como afirman Tillin & Bishop (2009), serían necesarios estudios que concreten este aspecto y acoten todos los mecanismos del PPA para obtener la fórmula más efectiva de potenciación para actividades de potencia.…”

“…(Chiu et al, 2003;Khamoui et al, 2009;Mangus et al, 2006;Sáez Sáez de Villareal et al, 2007), lo cual es difícil de llevar a la práctica de un calentamiento pre-partido. …”