Effect of power and carrier gas flow rate on the tolerance to water loading in inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Νovotný, I.; Fariñas, Juan C.; Jia-liang, Wan; Poussel, Emmanuelle; Mermet, Jean‐Michel

doi:10.1016/0584-8547(96)01522-4

Cited by 123 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A robust condition was obtained at high RF power and low nebulizer gas flow rate, as expected and described in the literature. [36][37][38] A response surface maximum point was not obtained; an ever-increasing pattern was observed until the instrumental limits. The thresholds between robust and non-robust conditions were established.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…This concept has become quite common in ICP optimization studies and can be easily measured using ionic-to-atomic line intensity ratio as Mg II (280 nm) and Mg I (285 nm). 27,36,[40][41][42] Since ionic lines are more sensitive to changes in atomization and excitation conditions than atomic lines, the intensity ratio of the lines is a practical criterion to evaluate the plasma robustness and analytical performance. A robust condition can be achieved when higher RF applied power level (≥ 1200 W) is combined with lower nebulizer gas flow rate (≤ 0.6 L min -1 ) 37,38,43,44 and this condition is characterized by the high intensity ratio of Mg II/Mg I, values above 8.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of signal-to-background and Mg II/Mg I ratios as response for the optimization of rare earth elements determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Guimarães-Silva

Lena

Froes

et al. 2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Elementos terras raras (ETR) fazem parte de um grupo peculiar de elementos químicos e sua determinação em amostras geológicas é importante e complexa, devido às baixas concentrações e problemas com interferências espectrais e não espectrais. Neste trabalho, planejamentos experimentais foram utilizados para otimizar as condições operacionais de um espectrômetro de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES) para a determinação de ETR. A razão entre o sinal analítico dos ETR e o sinal de fundo (SBR) e a razão Mg II/Mg I foram avaliadas como respostas na otimização. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, três diferentes condições de operação foram selecionadas e classificadas como robusta, semi-robusta e melhor SBR. Limites de detecção (LOD), SBR e desvio padrão relativo de medidas de uma solução do branco (DPR branco ) foram determinados. Na condição semi-robusta (potência de 1250 W e vazão do gás nebulizador de 0,90 L min −1 ) foram obtidos LOD e DPR branco mais baixos que nas outras condições estabelecidas.Rare earth elements (REEs) is a peculiar group of chemical elements. Their determination in geological samples is important and complex due to their low concentrations and problems with spectral and non-spectral interferences. Herein, the operating conditions of an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer were optimized for the determination of REEs using experimental designs. The signal-to-background ratio (SBR) of the REEs emission signals and the Mg II/Mg I line intensity ratio were evaluated as response functions. According to the results obtained, three different sets of operating conditions were selected and classified as robust, semi-robust and best SBR conditions. Limits of detection (LOD), SBR and relative standard deviation of the blank solution (RSD blank ) were determined. The semi-robust condition (RF power of 1250 W and nebulizer gas flow rate of 0.90 L min −1 ) exhibited lower LOD and RSD blank than others tested operating conditions. Keywords: rare earth elements, ICP OES, optimization, SBR, Mg II/Mg I IntroductionInductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) has been widely used for multielement analysis and is recognized as one of the most effective techniques for determination of major, minor and trace elements including the rare earth elements (REEs) in geological samples with complex matrices. [1][2][3][4] Recently, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has shown to be a powerful tool for the direct determination of REEs, but it is still too expensive and unavailable for many laboratories. On the other hand, ICP OES is more affordable and shows good analytical qualities, such as precision and accuracy, relatively low limits of detection, high sample throughput, simultaneous determination of most elements and wide dynamic range. [5][6][7] From a geological point of view, the determination of REEs is vital to understand the geochemical processes in Evaluation of Signal-to-Background and Mg II/Mg I Ratios J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 7...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of signal-to-background and Mg II/Mg I ratios as response for the optimization of rare earth elements determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Guimarães-Silva

Lena

Froes

et al. 2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…A possible reason for the lack of a general theory on matrix effects is that most of the reports on matrix effects in ICP-AES used direct solution nebulization or solution nebulization followed by desolvation [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The aerosol is not completely dry even with desolvation, and water remains a major component among the injected species [16]. Matrix interference may be partially influenced by the processes of water vaporization, dissociation, and ionization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Matrix interference may be partially influenced by the processes of water vaporization, dissociation, and ionization. Matrix effects may be more easily observed and studied if a solid sample introduction technique is used [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of matrix effects in inductively coupled plasma using laser ablation and solution nebulization for dry and wet plasma conditions

Chan

Mao

et al. 2001

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry and its Applications

Hill¹

2006

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Effect of power and carrier gas flow rate on the tolerance to water loading in inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Cited by 123 publications

References 34 publications

Evaluation of signal-to-background and Mg II/Mg I ratios as response for the optimization of rare earth elements determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Evaluation of signal-to-background and Mg II/Mg I ratios as response for the optimization of rare earth elements determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Comparison of matrix effects in inductively coupled plasma using laser ablation and solution nebulization for dry and wet plasma conditions

Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry and its Applications

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