Effect of process parameters on polyamide-6 carbon fibre prepreg laminated by IR-assisted automated fibre placement

Venkatesan, Chadurvedi; Velu, Rajkumar; Vaheed, Nahaad Mohammed; Raspall, Félix; Tay, T.T.; Silva, Arlindo

doi:10.1007/s00170-020-05230-z

Cited by 20 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The compression force was provided by a cylinder inside the AFP head, and the prepreg tension was controlled and adjusted by a magnetic powder brake in the reel section. First, a layer of polyimide (PI) lm was placed on the tooling to facilitate better bonding between the CF/PEEK prepreg and the aluminum plate tooling [34][35][36]. After which, the rst layer of unidirectional prepreg was placed on the PI lm, and a second layer was laid on top of the rst layer to form a [0] 2 laminate.…”

Section: Placement Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of processing parameters on the wedge peel strength of CF/PEEK laminates manufactured using a laser tape placement process

Zhang

Duan

Hong

et al. 2022

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Manufacturing thermoplastic composites (TPC) with excellent mechanical properties requires advanced methods with reduced costs and better overall e ciencies. In this study, ber-reinforced thermoplastic polymer composite laminates were manufactured using an automated ber placement (AFP) manufacturing technology. The effects of processing temperature (from 320 ℃ to 500 ℃), lay-up speed (from 20 mm/s to 260 mm/s), consolidation force (from 100 N to 600 N), and prepreg tape tension (from 0 N to 9 N) on the quality of the resulting laminates manufactured using the laser AFP system were investigated. The interlayer bond strength was characterized using wedge peel tests on samples prepared with different process parameters. The studies were complemented by measurements of the thermal properties of the composites using different scanning calorimetry. The optimized process parameter windows were determined to be 360 ℃ to 400 ℃ for the irradiation temperature, 140 mm/s to 160 mm/s for the lay-up speed, 100 N for the consolidation force, and 3 N to 5 N for the prepreg tape tension, respectively. The microscopic analysis of the cross-sections and peel-damaged surfaces revealed that the different distributions of the resin matrix resulting from the different processing parameters affected the interlayer strength. These results may provide an important reference for manufacturing TPC used in aerospace, defense, and automotive applications.

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Section: Placement Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of processing parameters on the wedge peel strength of CF/PEEK laminates manufactured using a laser tape placement process

Zhang

Duan

Hong

et al. 2022

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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“…The process parameters are controlled in an open-loop. For infrared-based tape laying, the influences of emitter power and laying speed are investigated by Venkatesan et al [5]. Brecher [6] investigates an adaptive control approach for tape laying on geometrically curved surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Control for Automated Tape Laying with Infrared Heaters Based on Reinforcement Learning

et al. 2022

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The use of fiber-reinforced lightweight materials in the field of electromobility offers great opportunities to increase the range of electric vehicles and also enhance the functionality of the components themselves. In order to meet the demand for a high number of variants, flexible production technologies are required which can quickly adapt to different component variants and thereby avoid long setup times of the required production equipment. By applying the formflexible process of automated tape laying (ATL), it is possible to build lightweight components in a variant-flexible way. Unidirectional (UD) tapes are often used to build up lightweight structures according to a predefined load path. However, the UD tape which is used to build the components is particularly sensitive to temperature fluctuations due to its low thickness. Temperature fluctuations within the production sites as well as the warming of the tape layer and the deposit surface over longer process times have an impact on the heat flow which is infused to the tape and make an adaptive control of the tape heating indispensable. At present, several model-based control strategies are available. However, these strategies require a comprehensive understanding of the ATL system and its environment and are therefore difficult to design. With the possibility of model-free reinforcement learning, it is possible to build a temperature control system that learns the common dependencies of both the process being used and its operating environment, without the need to rely on a complete understanding of the physical interrelationships. In this paper, a reinforcement learning approach based on the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm is presented, with the aim to control the temperature of an ATL endeffector based on infrared emitters. The algorithm was adapted to the thermal inertia of the system and trained in a real process environment. With only a small amount of training data, the trained DDPG agent was able to reliably maintain the ATL process temperatures within a specified tolerance range. By applying this technique, UD tape can be deposited at a consistent process temperature over longer process times without the need for a cooling system. Reducing process complexity can help to increase the prevalence of lightweight components and thus contribute to lower energy consumption of electric vehicles.

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Algorithms for Constructing Initial and Offset Path of Automated Fiber Placement for Complex Double-Curved Surfaces

Wang

et al. 2021

Appl Compos Mater

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Effect of process parameters on polyamide-6 carbon fibre prepreg laminated by IR-assisted automated fibre placement

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

The effects of processing parameters on the wedge peel strength of CF/PEEK laminates manufactured using a laser tape placement process

The effects of processing parameters on the wedge peel strength of CF/PEEK laminates manufactured using a laser tape placement process

Temperature Control for Automated Tape Laying with Infrared Heaters Based on Reinforcement Learning

Algorithms for Constructing Initial and Offset Path of Automated Fiber Placement for Complex Double-Curved Surfaces

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