Effect of prostaglandin F2α on subclinical endometritis and fertility in dairy cows

Abstract

The objectives were to determine the effects of PGF(2alpha) treatment on the prevalence of subclinical endometritis (SCE) and fertility of dairy cows. A total of 406 Holstein cows (167 primiparous and 239 multiparous) from 5 herds were used. Uterine lavage for diagnosis of SCE, PGF(2alpha) treatment, evaluation of body condition scores (BCS), and collection of blood samples for estrous cyclicity determination were performed at 21, 35, and 49 d in milk (DIM). Polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) were quantified and thresholds for diagnosing SCE were selected by receiver operating characteristics analysis. Cows classified as having SCE at 35 DIM (>or=6.5% PMN) and 49 DIM (>or=4.0% PMN) had increased time to pregnancy; however, cows classified as having SCE at 21 DIM (>or=8.5% PMN) did not. Median days to pregnancy were delayed by 30 (151 vs. 121 d) and 40 (169 vs. 129) d for cows classified as having SCE at 35 and 49 DIM, respectively. Treatment with PGF(2alpha) did not affect the prevalence of SCE either at 35 (37.9 vs. 38.4%) or at 49 DIM (34.0 vs. 40.4%). Treatment with PGF(2alpha) did not affect time to first insemination (AI; median 76 DIM for cows treated with PGF(2alpha); 79 DIM for control. Nonetheless, PGF(2alpha) treatment increased pregnancy to first AI in all the cows (35.5 vs. 24.1%) and hazard ratio (HR) of pregnancy in cows with BCS <or=2.5 when all of the cows were evaluated (HR = 1.5; 95% confidence interval; CI = 1.1 to 2.0) and when only cows without SCE were evaluated (HR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.2 to 2.7). Treatment with PGF(2alpha) did not affect the hazard of pregnancy in cows with SCE at 49 DIM (HR = 0.9; 95% CI = 0.6 to 1.3). In these farms, treatment with PGF(2alpha) did not affect SCE or time to first insemination, but did increase first-service pregnancy per AI and decreased time to pregnancy in cows with low BCS.

Oestrus synchronisation in postpartum dairy cows using repetitive prostaglandin doses: Comparison between D-cloprostenol and dinoprost

“…The use of PGF 2α has also been described for treating subclinical endometritis (Janowski et al, 2011). However, the above-mentioned treatment sometimes does not affect the prevalence of subclinical endometritis, although it increases first-service pregnancy per AI (Galvão et al, 2009).…”

Diagnosis and Treatment of Postpartum Uterine Diseases in Dairy Cows: A Review With Emphasis on Subclinical Endometritis

“…Dado que la ESC no puede ser parenterales de prostaglandinas (PGF2á) y detectada por simple inspección visual, son antibióticos intrauterinos [36]. Se ha observado que necesarios exámenes complementarios para su las prostaglandinas son ligeramente beneficiosas diagnóstico, siendo estos: histopatología, [37] o ineficientes [38]. El uso rutinario de PGF2á 30 ultrasonografía, tiras de esterasa leucocitaria (TEL) y días postparto puede ser relevante, pero faltan citología endometrial.…”

“…En general, en retrae el CC y se retira cuidadosamente el catéter del comparación con sus contrapartes negativas, las tracto reproductivo de la vaca. Finalmente, se rota vacas afectadas por CITO experimentan un efecto cuidadosamente el CC en una lámina porta objetos, de perjudicial con respecto a su capacidad reproductiva esta manera esparciendo el material celular [30,38,51]. Aunque no hay impacto de la CITO en la colectado.…”

“…El uso de PGF2á durante el diestro da como resultado la luteólisis y, posteriormente, el estro, que aumenta la inmunidad local mediante la eliminación del efecto inmunosupresor de la progesterona [95,96]. Además, la PGF2á posee un efecto ecbólico por el cual efectúa la eliminación de bacterias y debris [97]; sin embargo, solo un estudio mostró un beneficio En dos amplios estudios de campo realizados significativo del tratamiento con PGF2á [98], por nuestro grupo de investigación, utilizando el mientras que otros estudios no [38,97]. Aunque dispositivo CT, establecimos un punto de corte PMN varios autores trataron sin éxito de correlacionar la universal del 1% en muestras de citología obtenidas presencia de la CITO con infección bacteriana [63, 89, durante la IA tanto en vacas lecheras como en 99], otros demostraron los beneficios de un vaquillas nulíparas [93,94].…”

Recent advances in the immunology and uterine microbiology of healthy cows and cows that develop uterine disease

“…In conclusion, subcutaneous vaccination with inactivated bacterial components and/or protein subunits of E. coli, F. necrophorum, and T. pyogenes can prevent puerperal metritis during the first lactation of dairy cows, leading to improved reproduction. The combined effect of bacterial infection and activation of inflammation is damage to the endometrium and embryo (99)(100)(101), delayed ovulation (67), shortened or extended luteal phase after ovulation (60,61,63,102), increased time to first insemination, decreased conception rates, increased time to conception (8,(103)(104)(105)(106), and increased pregnancy loss (106)(107)(108). Therefore, the best strategy to deal with the negative effects of uterine disease is to not have the disease in the first place.…”