Effect of reactive elements on oxidation behaviour of Fe–22Cr–0.5Mn ferritic stainless steel for a solid oxide fuel cell interconnect

High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Yttrium Dioxide Coated Fe-20Cr Alloy

“…37 Seo et al, showed using depth profiling studies on Y containing Fe-22Cr-0.5Mn alloy specimens oxidised at 800 °C that Y segregated at the alloy/oxide interface and suppressed outward Cr ion diffusion. 12 This mechanism may be valid to a greater extent when the reactive element is added to the alloy. 3.…”

“…The use of reactive elements, especially rare earths (RE) to improve high temperature oxidation resistance of chromium dioxide and alumina forming alloys is quite well documented. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The improvements are in the form of reduced oxidation rates and increased scale adhesion. The RE can be added to the alloy in elemental form or as oxide dispersions.…”

“…[3][4][5][6][7]15 Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the effect of reactive elements in improving oxidation resistance and the most widely accepted mechanism attributes it to segregation of the reactive elements to the interface or to the oxide scale grain boundaries and blocking of Cr ion diffusion though the oxide scale [8][9][10][11] Studies carried out by Seo et al, about the effect of addition of Ce, La and Y to a Fe-22Cr-0.5Mn alloy on the oxidation behavior of the alloy at 800 °C, indicated that Y was the most effective element to reduce the growth rate of the oxide scale. 12 In recent years a number of studies have been carried out to exploit the benefits of rare earth additions on oxidation behavior of chromium dioxide and alumina forming alloys. 13,14,[16][17][18][19][20][21] Most studies reporting the reactive element effect in chromium dioxide forming alloys were carried out at or below 800 °C.…”

Effects of reactive elements on the structure and diffusivity of liquid chromia: Anab initiomolecular dynamics study

“…However, at temperatures above 700 ℃ the vaporization of Cr and spallation of Cr 2 O 3 scale take place and reduce its protectiveness [1][2][3] . It has been demonstrated through extensive experiments [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] that the addition of a minor amount of reactive elements (REs) such as Ce, Y, La, etc. often leads to a significant improvements of the oxidation resistance of the base alloy at elevated temperatures, which was termed as the "reactive element effect" [5][6]9 .…”

“…Meanwhile, the doped REs have been observed to segregate into the grain boundary 2-3, 5, 11 . Experimental observations 3,[6][7]10 reveal that the doping of REs changes the diffusion mechanism during the chromia scale formation from outward diffusion of chromium ions to inward diffusion of the oxygen ions. However, the relative efficiency of different REs in this process has not yet been analyzed and classified in depth, and theoretical studies are still not sufficient.…”