Effect of rivastigmine on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats

Bejar, Corina; Wang, Ruihua; Weinstock, Marta

doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00643-3

Cited by 165 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Tacrine (10 mg/kg), as a positive control, restored the step-through latency to 61% of the control group and this was consistent with previously published data. 19) Effect of ginsenoside Rh2 on memory impairment induced by scopolamine in the Y-maze test was also investigated (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many attempts have been made to reverse cognitive deficits by increasing brain cholinergic activity via acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors or cholinergic agonists, with a selective AChE inhibitor, donepezil, approved to treat mild Alzheimer's disease. 3,4) With the current few approved medicines to treat patients with memory impairment, medicinal plants may provide valuable alternatives with fewer side effects for patients with memory impairments.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ginsenoside Rh2 Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Learning Deficit in Mice

Yang

Han

Ryu

et al. 2009

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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To understand memory-enhancing effect of red ginseng biotransformed by Bifidobacterium longum H-1 (RGB), which more potently improved scopolamine-induced learning deficit than red ginseng in the preliminary experiment, its main constituents, ginsenosides Rb1, Rg3 and Rh2, were isolated and their memory-enhancing effects investigated in scopolamine-treated mice by using passive avoidance and Y-maze tests. Among them, ginsenoside Rh2 most potently reversed memory impairment caused by scopolamine. Ginsenoside Rh2 also significantly shortened the escape latencies prolonged by scopolamine in the Morris water maze test (pϽ Ͻ0.001) and increased the swimming time shorten by scopolamine within the platform quadrant (pϽ Ͻ0.05). The ginsenoside Rh2 (3 m mM) reversed scopolamine (10 m mM)-induced suppression of long-term potentiation. It recovered field excitatory post synaptic potential (fEPSP) amplitude potentiation to 152.3؎8.7% of the control (pϽ Ͻ0.05). Based on these findings, RGB and its main constituent, ginsenoside Rh2, might improve learning deficits. Also the memoryenhancing effects of RGB may be dependent on the content of ginsenoside Rh2.Key words red ginseng; ginsenoside Rh2; memory; scopolamine; long-term potentiation Biol. Pharm. Bull. 32(10) 1710-1715 (2009) © 2009 Pharmaceutical Society of Japan * To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: dhkim@khu.ac.kr

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenoside Rh2 Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Learning Deficit in Mice

Yang

Han

Ryu

et al. 2009

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…However, it should be noted that in the cholinergic deficiency models, the effects of metrifonate, donepezil, tacrine and physostigmine on passive avoidance learning were found not only on acquisition but also on consolidation (e.g. Ogasawara et al 1996;Bejar et al 1999;Tokita et al 2002). Metrifonate has also been tested on passive avoidance learning of healthy adult mice, but appeared to be ineffective (Ikonen et al 1999).…”

Section: Ache Inhibition and Object Recognition Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both compounds have also thoroughly been investigated in one-trial passive avoidance learning tasks in combination with deficiency models and were found to ameliorate the impaired avoidance performance (e.g. Riekkinen et al 1991;Itoh et al 1997;Kojima et al 1997;Bejar et al 1999;Ogura et al 2000;Chopin et al 2002;Tokita et al 2002). The passive avoidance task is a one-trial learning paradigm similar to the object recognition task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociable effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors on object recognition memory: acquisition versus consolidation

Prickaerts

Şık

Staay³

et al. 2004

Psychopharmacology

126

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Rationale: Phosphodiesterase enzyme type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors have cognition-enhancing properties. However, it is not known whether these drug classes affect the same memory processes.Objective: We investigated the memory-enhancing effects of the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil and AChE inhibitors metrifonate and donepezil in the object recognition task to find out whether acquisition or consolidation processes were affected by these drugs. Methods: The object recognition task measures whether rats remembered an object they have explored in a previous learning trial. All drugs were given orally 30 min before or immediately after learning to study acquisition and consolidation, respectively. Results: Sildenafil given immediately after the first trial improved the memory performance after 24 h and resulted in an inverted U-shaped dose-effect curve with the peak dose at 3 mg/kg. When given before the first trial, sildenafil also improved the memory performance. However, the dose needed for the best performance under this condition was 10 mg/kg, suggesting that the dose-effect curve shifted to the right. This can be explained by the metabolic clearance of the high dose of sildenafil. Donepezil had no memory improving effect when given after the first trial. However, when given before the first trial, a gradually increasing dose-effect curve was found which had its maximum effect at the highest dose tested (1 mg/kg). Likewise, only when metrifonate (30 mg/kg) was given before the first trial did rats show an improved memory performance. Conclusion: Our data strongly suggest that PDE5 inhibitors improve processes of consolidation of object information, whereas AChE inhibitors improve processes of acquisition of object information.

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“…Review of the literature has shown that the cholinergic system, especially acetylcholine, plays an important role in memory functions, both in humans and rodents (Hasselmo, 2006). Scopolamine, a muscarinic antagonist, impairs short memory and acquisition of new knowledge, increase acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidative stress (lipid and protein oxidation) (Bejar et al, 1999). The drugs that reversed the scopolamine-induced amnesia might have some effects on cholinergic system mainly on the levels of acetylcholine in brain.…”

Section: Effect Of Bfle On Antioxidant Activity (Mda and Gsh Levels)mentioning

confidence: 99%