Effect of silicate sodium and graphene nanoplatelets on morphology and rheology characteristics of new synthesized preformed particle gel (PPG) for water shut-off treatment

Paprouschi, Aminsadegh; Fatemi, S. Mobeen; Ghazanfari, Mohammad Hossein

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2021.108736

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…There have also been many recent studies on the viscosity of graphene and graphene oxide nanofluids. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] This is the first time the viscosity of plasma-functionalized graphene has been measured in any system, including liquid and hydrate systems. Though other nanofluids have been analyzed at similar pressures, evaluating the viscosity of graphene nanofluids at high pressure is also entirely novel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Preceding reports have studied hydrate systems from pure water under the same temperature and pressure conditions. There have also been many recent studies on the viscosity of graphene and graphene oxide nanofluids. − This is the first time the viscosity of plasma-functionalized graphene has been measured in any system, including liquid and hydrate systems. Though other nanofluids have been analyzed at similar pressures, evaluating the viscosity of graphene nanofluids at high pressure is also entirely novel. − Additionally, this study is paired with another publication that used oxygen-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes in similar systems .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Einsteinian Viscosity Behavior in Plasma-Functionalized Graphene Nanoflake Nanofluids and Their Effect on the Dynamic Viscosity of Methane Hydrate Systems

McElligott

Guerra

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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The dynamic viscosities of nanofluids containing oxygen-functionalized graphene nanoflakes (O-GNFs) were measured for concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 ppm under pressures from 0 to 30 MPag and temperatures from 0 to 10 °C. Water’s viscosity dependence on temperature was not affected by the presence of O-GNFs, though the effective viscosity of the solution was reduced (termed non-Einsteinian viscosity) against common expectations. Hydrogen bond strength may have been reduced at the hydrophobic part of the O-GNF surface, whereas density fluctuations were enhanced. Therefore, larger sites of free volume may have formed, and weaker intermolecular interactions could allow for less-restricted diffusion into those sites, reducing the effective viscosity. The internal friction that would otherwise raise the solution viscosity could be overcome by these surface effects. Water’s viscosity dependence on pressure was also not affected by O-GNFs, except at 10 ppm, where the shuttle effect may have increased the presence of hydrophobic methane bubbles in the solution. Under high pressures, the relative viscosity of the system remained non-Einsteinian at all temperatures except 2 °C. This may have been because the density anomaly of water was shifted to a colder temperature as the hydrogen bonding network was weaker. The phase transition from liquid to hydrate was identical to that of pure water, indicating that the presence of different stages of growth was not affected by the presence of O-GNFs. However, the times to reach a maximum viscosity were faster in O-GNF systems compared to pure water. This said, the hydrate formation limitations inherent to the measurement system were not overcome by the addition of O-GNFs. The times to application-relevant viscosity values were maximized in the 1 ppm system at 49.75% (200 mPa·s) and 31.93% (500 mPa·s) faster than the baseline. Therefore, the presence of O-GNFs allowed for shorter times to desired viscosities at lower driving forces than the baseline, improving the viability of the hydrate technologies to which they can be added.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Einsteinian Viscosity Behavior in Plasma-Functionalized Graphene Nanoflake Nanofluids and Their Effect on the Dynamic Viscosity of Methane Hydrate Systems

McElligott

Guerra

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…23 For an improved modification of water profiles, microgels turned out to be more appropriate, 24 since they are able to penetrate deeper in the reservoir. 25 Microgels are preformed crosslinked particles with size ranging from 10 to 30 μm that are injected in the reservoir in the form of a liquid suspension. In the work of El-Karsani et al, acrylamide-based microgels were injected as a water suspension in three reservoirs in China and proved to efficiently obstruct the fractures, mainly because of their elasticity, which allows them to deform and recover their shape when passing through the pore throats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The huge problem with these systems is that they do not differentiate oil and gas zones from those producing water and are effective in near-wellbore regions . For an improved modification of water profiles, microgels turned out to be more appropriate, since they are able to penetrate deeper in the reservoir . Microgels are preformed crosslinked particles with size ranging from 10 to 30 μm that are injected in the reservoir in the form of a liquid suspension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Application of Hydrophilic Polymer Nanoparticles for Water Shut-Off

et al. 2022

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Over the last few years, oil companies have devoted much effort to decrease the amount of water that is pumped up with oil, especially from mature reservoirs, where the water production is huge. In addition to reducing the profit margin, the water extracted from an oil field is polluted by different organic and inorganic compounds and must be properly treated before being discharged or reinjected. Alternatively, it must be disposed of with high treatment and/or disposal costs. To overcome costs associated with water treatment/disposal, mechanical and chemical strategies aimed at reducing the amount of extracted water (i.e., water shut-off) are applied. Among them, hydrophilic polymeric micro-and nanogels are promising materials that are gaining increasing interest. They are three-dimensional networks able to retain water by increasing in size and thus creating a physical barrier to the water flowing. In this work, nano-and microabsorbent particles made up of crosslinked poly(methacrylic acid-co-oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) p(MAA-co-OEGMA) were synthesized via inverse suspension polymerization in Lamix, an aromatic-free hydrocarbon blend. The formulation was optimized in terms of OEGMA mole fraction to achieve a high swelling in seawater and hence high efficacy in the water shut-off. Finally, the suspension was modified to be produced on a ton scale and injected into an open-hole, partially depleted oil reservoir for a first pilot field test. One-year monitoring was conducted by evaluating the oil productivity as well as the water fraction (i.e., water cut) under conventional extraction procedures. This trial assessed a 30% decrease in the water cut, as well as an increase in the oil production from 5 to 30 m 3 /day. This confirmed the developed microgels as a promising tool for water shut-off.

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“…The injection of selective plugging agents is one of the crucial methods for profile control and water shutoff in oil fields. , To effectively decrease water invasion and improve the production efficiency in bottom-water reservoirs, various measures, such as gas injection, − foam injection, − weak gel plugging, − and solid particle plugging, , have been applied widely. Although a particular effect has been achieved, field application still has some difficulties, such as poor foam stability, short validity period, and uncertain plugging outcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macro- and Microanalysis on Noncondensable Gas Antiwater Invasion in a Bottom Water Reservoir with a Rupturable Interlayer

et al. 2022

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Developing a bottom-water reservoir with rupturable interlayers is a significant challenge. This paper used a 2D visualization model to study the seepage characteristics of gas–water in two phases during noncondensable gas antiwater invasion. On this basis, the mechanisms of antiwater invasion and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) were summarized. The results show that bottom water advances from the crack of the interlayer to the oil layer, leading to a profile of radial flow. The major swept area occupies the scope near the horizontal well and the oil layer’s middle part. Therefore, a lot of remaining oil distributes beside the crack of the interlayer. Noncondensable gas preferentially flows into the water-swept area due to a lower seepage resistance. Under gravity differentiation, the dispersed gas displaces the invaded bottom water downward, inhibiting water from invading and increasing the oil production rate. These studies provide practical guidance for analyzing bottom-water invading processes and designing suitable measures to develop such reservoirs.

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Effect of silicate sodium and graphene nanoplatelets on morphology and rheology characteristics of new synthesized preformed particle gel (PPG) for water shut-off treatment

Cited by 29 publications

References 63 publications

Non-Einsteinian Viscosity Behavior in Plasma-Functionalized Graphene Nanoflake Nanofluids and Their Effect on the Dynamic Viscosity of Methane Hydrate Systems

Non-Einsteinian Viscosity Behavior in Plasma-Functionalized Graphene Nanoflake Nanofluids and Their Effect on the Dynamic Viscosity of Methane Hydrate Systems

Synthesis and Application of Hydrophilic Polymer Nanoparticles for Water Shut-Off

Macro- and Microanalysis on Noncondensable Gas Antiwater Invasion in a Bottom Water Reservoir with a Rupturable Interlayer

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