Effect of Single or Combined Climatic and Hygienic Stress in Four Layer Lines: 1. Performance

Abstract

Effects of long-term climatic stress (heat exposure), short-term hygienic stress [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)], or a combination of both challenges on performance of 4 layer lines were investigated. The lines were earlier characterized by natural humoral immune competence and survival rate. At 22 wk of age, 80 hens per line were randomly divided over 2 identical climate chambers and exposed to a constant high temperature (32 degrees C) or a control temperature (21 degrees C) for 23 d. Half of the hens housed in each chamber were i.v. injected with LPS at d 1 after the start of the heat stress period. The effect of heat, LPS, or a combined challenge on feed intake, BW, hen-day egg production, egg weight, and egg shell thickness were investigated. Feed intake, BW, hen-day egg production, egg weight, and egg shell thickness were significantly reduced by heat stress. Administration of LPS significantly reduced feed intake, BW (LPS x time interaction), hen-day egg production, and egg weight (LPS x time interaction). Hens were able to recover from LPS administration but did not completely adapt to heat stress. Hens still lost weight, had a lower feed intake and hen-day egg production after 23 d of continuous exposure to heat stress. These data suggest a different nature of short-term LPS exposure versus long-term heat exposure affecting performance parameters of laying hens, and different adaptation mechanisms of hens toward these stressors. Neither natural humoral immune competence nor survival rate, for which the lines had been earlier characterized, were indicative of the response to different stressors. However, significant line x heat interactions were found for feed intake and hen-day egg production, and a line x heat x time interaction for BW, whereas a line x LPS interaction was found for hen-day egg production and a line x LPS x time interaction for BW. The lines had similar response patterns, but differed in response levels, suggesting that some lines were better able to adapt to stressors than others.

Effect of immune stress on growth performance and energy metabolism in broiler chickens

“…NV = no vaccination; CV = conventional vaccination; CPM = cyclophosphamide; LPS = lipopolysaccharide; SEM = standard error of the mean; GLU = glucose; PRA = plasma renin activity; and AngII = angiotensin II. 199 Decuypere, & Buyse, 2004;Star, Kemp, van den Anker, & Parmentier, 2008;Virden et al, 2007). These decreases may be explained according to which immune stress is the immunomodulator and reallocates nutrients to immune response (Feng et al, 2012).…”

On oxidation resistance and meat quality of broilers challenged with lipopolysaccharide

“…LPS is an acute inflammatory stimulus, and the challenge with LPS stimulates the synthesis and release of glucocorticoids, inducing a rapid, short-lived increase in plasma corticosterone levels (Sternberg 2006). Furthermore, LPS administration causes a temporary reduction in feed intake (Star et al 2008), which might have an influence on many physiological and metabolic processes, reflected by changes in oxidative stress parameters. Although the effects of LPS administration have been well-established on physiological responses such as fever, body temperature and body weight (BW) gain, the influence on oxidative stress responses and meat quality changes in broiler chickens is hardly described.…”

Comparison of Stress Response between Korean Native Chickens and Single Comb White Leghorns subjected to a High Stocking Density

“…이 러한 지표들은 모두 백색계가 유색계에 비해 스트레스 반응 정도가 높음을 의미하는 것으로 특히, 백색 레그혼(White Leghorn) 계통이 로드(Rhode Island Red) 계통에 비해 스트 레스 반응 정도가 높다는 결과들을 제시하고 있다 (Albentosa et al, 2003;Fraisse와 Cockrem, 2006;Star et al, 2008a;Star et al, 2008b;Uitdehaag et al, 2011). 또한, 선발 육종에 따른 개량화가 진행된 개체일수록 스트레스 반응도가 높다는 결 과를 제시하고 있는데, 적색야계(Red Jungle Fowl)와 토종계 (village fowl) 및 실용 브로일러를 대상으로 열 스트레스 반 응 정도를 비교 분석한 결과, 혈액 생화학 지표, 혈장 코티 코스테론 농도, 열스트레스 단백질(HSP 70) 등 모든 생리적 스트레스 지표에서 실용 브로일러가 야계 및 토종계에 비해 스트레스에 더욱 민감하게 반응하는 양상을 보였다 (Soleimani et al, 2011).…”