Effect of Sm additions on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of magnesium alloy AZ91

Hu, Zhi; Liu, Ruiliang; Kairy, S.K.; Li, X.; Yan, Hong; Birbilis, Nick

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2019.01.024

Cited by 80 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The Smcontaining AZ31, AZ61, AZ91 and AZ92 alloys formed a new Al 2 Sm compound, resulting in a reduction in the area fraction of the β-Mg 17 Al 12 phase. In addition, the Al 2 Sm phase formed heterogeneous nuclei for the Mg grains, improving elevated temperature resistance as well as the corrosion resistance of Mg-Al alloys [11][12][13][14][15] . Chen et al [8] found that the combined additions of Ca and Sm significantly refined the microstructure in the AZ61 alloy and the mechanical properties were improved due to the formation of Al 2 Sm and Al 4 Sm phases, but grain refinement was not realized.…”

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confidence: 99%

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy with minor additions of Sm, Si and Ca elements

Bonnah

Hai

2019

China Foundry

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confidence: 99%

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy with minor additions of Sm, Si and Ca elements

Bonnah

Hai

2019

China Foundry

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“…While the work of Atrens and co‐workers on Mg corrosion is well known, perhaps the most extensive Australian investigation on Mg–REE alloys to date is that performed at Monash University, in conjunction with CSIRO . This work spans corrosion, microstructure, and mechanical properties, and a full reckoning is beyond the scope of the current article, but several interesting findings can be discussed.…”

Section: Rare Earth Application To Magnesium Alloysmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Addition of the L‐REE Sm to AZ91 was similarly investigated . Here, the affinity of Sm for Al was observed to improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy through the formation of an Al 2 Sm phase; this phase both reduced the volume fraction of Mg 17 Al 12 , and usurped the role of local cathode from this phase, reducing the cathodic kinetics and decreasing corrosion rates …”

Section: Rare Earth Application To Magnesium Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While a definitive mechanistic explanation could not be provided, this may be related to the lower solubility of the Lu–O phase over that of Mg–O under aqueous conditions; if this is a valid assumption, other H‐REEs such as Sc, Er, and Ho might also be equally appropriate . Addition of the L‐REE Sm to AZ91 was similarly investigated . Here, the affinity of Sm for Al was observed to improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy through the formation of an Al 2 Sm phase; this phase both reduced the volume fraction of Mg 17 Al 12 , and usurped the role of local cathode from this phase, reducing the cathodic kinetics and decreasing corrosion rates …”

Section: Rare Earth Application To Magnesium Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Application of the Rare Earths to Magnesium and Titanium Metallurgy in Australia

Biesiekierski

Wen

2019

Advanced Materials

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These elements have huge relevance in the modern world, in applications spanning electronics, biomedicine, structural materials, and more; many rely on their unique electronic properties as the only nonradioactive elements with electrons occupying the f-subshell. [1] However, REEs have long been topics of moderate interest for their application in metallurgy, such as the bulk purification of steels and other alloys, or the improvement of the hightemperature properties of Mg alloys. [3] In recent years, however, progress in materials science has intensified interest in the REE elements. Notably, these are the rise of magnesium (Mg)-based alloys for both biodegradable implant materials and highly weight-sensitive applications in the automotive and aerospace sectors, and the growth of powder-metallurgy (PM) and additive-manufacturing (AM) fabrication methods for titanium (Ti). This change can be seen graphically in Figure 1, with the sharp spike in publications starting shortly after the new millennium. Thus, the importance of REEs, particularly the L-REEs, is highlighted in both the biomedical sector and in high-performance aerospace and automotive roles. Given the biomedical sector represented some 62 000 jobs and $4.9 billion of value to the national GDP in 2016, [5] Australia is well positioned to benefit from advances in biomedical technology; the recent launch of the Australian Space Agency suggests that the aerospace sector may soon grow as well. [6] As such, here, we will attempt to summarize relevant research over the past decade in this field, highlighting work from Australian institutions; the aim of this summary is to help assist in both understanding the current state-of-the-art, and to identify promising areas for future research where Australia is well positioned to leverage existing expertise. Rare Earth Application to Magnesium AlloysMuch of the current research on REE-containing alloys is concerned with Mg alloy systems. Mg-based alloys have long been attractive options in aerospace and automotive applications; at ≈1.7-8 g cm −3 , Mg-based alloys have the lowest density of the common structural metals by a substantial margin, [7] yielding exceptional specific strengths/stiffnesses ideal for weightsensitive applications. Beyond aerospace and automotive sectors, however, the last two decades have seen the sharp rise in interest by the biomedical sector. In this regard, Mg and its alloys are again well suited; Mg shows exceedingly low toxicities coupled with numerous bioactive effects, and can achieve Rare earth elements (REEs) have found application in metallurgical processes for nearly a century due to their unique chemical and physical properties but have gained increased attention in recent decades. Notably, the use of these elements may assist in the development of advanced magnesium and titanium products for applications spanning biomedicine, aerospace, and the automotive industry. To this end, current progress in this area, highlighting work done in Australian research organizations with partic...

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“…Although there exists a plethora of studies on the processing, microstructure and physical properties of Mg-based alloys (see e.g., [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]), to date, there remains a limited reporting, characterisation and rationalisation of processing-structure-properties relationships for AM produced Mg alloys [18][19][20]. In part this is because the production of Mg-based alloys by AM has been considered complicated, owing to a range of factors that could include: safety concerns associated with the reactive nature of Mg powder; the superheating and boiling / evaporation of Mg via interaction with laser based methods; a tendency for ignition in the presence of common environments (Mg can burn under air or N 2 ), and even supply chain issues for Mg powder of suitable size and composition (relevant to powder based AM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A detailed microstructural and corrosion analysis of an additively manufactured magnesium alloy produced by selective laser melting

Esmaily¹,

Zeng²,

Mortazavi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Magnesium (Mg) alloys have promising potentials for lightweight and biomedical applications. Although there has been a recent interest in producing Mg alloys (including AZ, ZK and WE series) using additive manufacturing (AM), the process-structure-corrosion properties relationships in AM Mg alloys are yet to be understood. Herein, the production of Mg alloy WE43 was achieved by selective laser melting (SLM). The alloy was investigated after SLM, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) as well as an additional solutionising heat treatment. Specimens were carefully characterised, whilst assessed and contrast relative to the conventionally cast alloy counterpart. Characterisation included detailed microstructural analysis employing analytical transmission electron microscopy, X-ray mapping, and electron backscatter diffraction, which revealed the SLM prepared specimens possess a unique microstructure comprising fine grains growing with a strong [0001] texture along the building direction. The SLM prepared specimens also revealed a low fraction of process-induced and metallurgical defects, reaching < 0.1% after optimising the SLM parameters and HIP treatment. The SLM prepared WE43 was found to be cathodically more active relative to the cast WE43 because of a fine distribution of zirconium-, yttrium- and oxygen-rich particles as well as the alterations in the chemical composition of the solid-solution matrix originating from the high cooling rates of SLM. It was revealed that the oxide particles were mainly sourced by powder and thus it is hypothesised that the corrosion of SLM prepared Mg alloys could be greatly improved once the influence of powder characteristics is further understood and controlled.

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Effect of Sm additions on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of magnesium alloy AZ91

Cited by 80 publications

References 43 publications

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy with minor additions of Sm, Si and Ca elements

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy with minor additions of Sm, Si and Ca elements

The Application of the Rare Earths to Magnesium and Titanium Metallurgy in Australia

A detailed microstructural and corrosion analysis of an additively manufactured magnesium alloy produced by selective laser melting

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