Effect of soil type on infectivity and persistence of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema scarabaei, Steinernema glaseri, Heterorhabditis zealandica, and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora

Koppenhöfer, Albrecht M.; Fuzy, Eugene M.

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2006.02.003

Cited by 91 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…To make comparisons and to draw conclusions from other persistence studies is also difficult, as different EPN species are studied under a variety of different conditions. Across studies, many different factors have been investigated and felt to be responsible for the decline in persistence time, which varied from a few days to a few months (Kung et al, 1990;Wilson & Gaugler, 2004;Koppenhöfer & Fuzy, 2006;. One possible reason for the sturdy 'persistence' in Block A might be that the IJs could have been recycling, as considered by Curran (1993), thus finding hosts in the soil and continuing with their life cycle as opposed to persisting without available hosts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control the Vine Mealybug, Planococcus ficus, in South African Vineyards

Vieux

Malan

2015

SAJEV

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In South Africa, the most common method of mealybug control has been the use of chemical insecticides. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the of the families Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae potentially can be used within an integrated pest management scheme to control Planococcus ficus, the vine mealybug, which occurs on all parts of grapevine, including the roots. When Steinernema yirgalemense was applied to the soil of two vineyards with P. ficus, contained in pierced Eppendorf tubes, buried at a depth of 15 cm in the soil, mortalities of up to 50% were obtained after 48 h. The persistence of S. yirgalemense, measured using codling moth larval mortality was found to be zero in one vineyard, while in the other it was 70%, 12 weeks after application. Tests were conducted to establish the production of scavenger deterrent factors by H. zealandica and S. yirgalemense. Of the cadavers that were presented six days after nematode infection, 49% of the H. zealandica-and 60% of the S. yirgalemense-infected cadavers were left intact. Olfactometry tests indicated a significant difference concerning the number of S. yirgalemense infective juveniles (IJs) that were attracted to damaged Vitis vinifera roots and P. ficus, indicating active movement of the IJs and the attractive ability of organic compounds produced by the roots. This study shows that EPNs, and specifically S. yirgalemense, have promising potential as biological control agents for the control of P. ficus soil populations, and investigates some influential factors affecting EPNs as biocontrol agents in the agro-ecosystem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control the Vine Mealybug, Planococcus ficus, in South African Vineyards

Vieux

Malan

2015

SAJEV

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“…Soil composition and texture strongly influence EPN dispersal and infectivity (Georgis and Poinar, 1983;Koppenhöfer and Fuzy, 2006), so the fact that the medium (sand or sand/peat mix) had no effect on nematode success supports the assumption that IJs are mainly moving along the twig rather than through the medium. Moving through soil in search of cryptic hosts is presumably costly in terms of energy and time, therefore a targeted search along a root would seem to be an efficient searching mechanism for EPN seeking out root-feeding insects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated roots and host feeding enhance infection of subterranean insects by the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae

Ennis

Dillon

Griffin

2010

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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a b s t r a c tSteinernema carpocapsae can be effective against root-feeding insects despite its reputation as a sedentary ambusher. In pot experiments, using twigs as surrogate roots and pine weevil larvae as targets, we tested the hypothesis that roots serve as physical routeways and conduits of feeding-associated stimuli, thus enhancing the success of S. carpocapsae applied at the surface against subterranean hosts. Insect mortality was lowest (25%) in the absence of plant material, increased to 48% when twigs linked nematodes and insects, and further increased to 69% when the insects were allowed feed on the twigs. This is the first experimental support for the root-routeway hypothesis.

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“…The reason for the better performance of S. yirgalemense is unclear, as there are many factors that could be at play. For instance, Koppenhoffer and Fuzy (2006) found different soil types to influence the infectivity of different nematode species. To place an onus on their potentially different foraging strategies would be weak reasoning, when considering that nematode species can be placed on a continuum ranging from cruise to ambush, while nematodes have been found to shift along such a continuum (Lewis et al, 1992(Lewis et al, , 2006.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Vieux

Malan

2016

SAJEV

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Laboratory bioassays were conducted to establish the potential of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) as biocontrol agents of Planococcus ficus (Signoret). Six indigenous and two commercially available nematode species were screened for their efficacy in killing adult female P. ficus. The two indigenous species with the most promising results were Heterorhabditis zealandica and Steinernema yirgalemense, which were responsible for 96% and 65% mortality respectively. Tests were conducted to compare the efficacy of H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae produced in vivo and in vitro. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora showed no significant difference in efficacy between the two production methods, but in vivo-cultured S. feltiae produced a significantly higher mean mortality of 40%, in contrast to a 19% mean mortality with in vitroproduced infective juveniles (IJs). The capability of both H. zealandica and S. yirgalemense to complete their life cycles in the host and to produce a new cohort of IJs was demonstrated. Bioassays indicated a concentration-dependent susceptibility of P. ficus to H. zealandica, S. yirgalemense and commercially produced H. bacteriophora, with LC 50 and LC 90 values of 19, 82; 13, 80; and 36, 555 respectively. Both H. zealandica and S. yirgalemense were able to move 15 cm vertically downward and infect P. ficus with a respective mortality of 82% and 95%. This study showed P. ficus to be a suitable host for H. zealandica and S. yirgalemense, with both nematode species showing considerable potential for future use in the field control of P. ficus.

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Effect of soil type on infectivity and persistence of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema scarabaei, Steinernema glaseri, Heterorhabditis zealandica, and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora

Cited by 91 publications

References 30 publications

Prospects for Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control the Vine Mealybug, Planococcus ficus, in South African Vineyards

Prospects for Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control the Vine Mealybug, Planococcus ficus, in South African Vineyards

Simulated roots and host feeding enhance infection of subterranean insects by the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae

The Potential Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

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