Prospects for Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control the Vine Mealybug, Planococcus ficus, in South African Vineyards

Vieux, P. D. Le; Malan, Antoinette P.

doi:10.21548/36-1-937

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The commercial production of entomopathogenic nematodes as an environmentally safer option to the use of chemical insecticides can be regarded as being due to the increased understanding of their biology, and improved production methods and storage formulations (Friedman, 1990;Ehlers, 1996). According to Le Vieux and Malan (2013), such increased understanding and commercial production of EPNs are both pertinent in the pursuit of sustainable agriculture, and in helping to alleviate the global issues of species extinctions and ecosystem and biodiversity loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Vieux

Malan

2016

SAJEV

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Laboratory bioassays were conducted to establish the potential of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) as biocontrol agents of Planococcus ficus (Signoret). Six indigenous and two commercially available nematode species were screened for their efficacy in killing adult female P. ficus. The two indigenous species with the most promising results were Heterorhabditis zealandica and Steinernema yirgalemense, which were responsible for 96% and 65% mortality respectively. Tests were conducted to compare the efficacy of H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae produced in vivo and in vitro. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora showed no significant difference in efficacy between the two production methods, but in vivo-cultured S. feltiae produced a significantly higher mean mortality of 40%, in contrast to a 19% mean mortality with in vitroproduced infective juveniles (IJs). The capability of both H. zealandica and S. yirgalemense to complete their life cycles in the host and to produce a new cohort of IJs was demonstrated. Bioassays indicated a concentration-dependent susceptibility of P. ficus to H. zealandica, S. yirgalemense and commercially produced H. bacteriophora, with LC 50 and LC 90 values of 19, 82; 13, 80; and 36, 555 respectively. Both H. zealandica and S. yirgalemense were able to move 15 cm vertically downward and infect P. ficus with a respective mortality of 82% and 95%. This study showed P. ficus to be a suitable host for H. zealandica and S. yirgalemense, with both nematode species showing considerable potential for future use in the field control of P. ficus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Vieux

Malan

2016

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“…When S. yirgalemense was applied to the soil of two vineyards together with P. ficus, contained in pierced Eppendorf tubes, and buried at a depth of 15 cm in the soil, mortalities of up to 50 % were obtained after 48 h (Le Vieux & Malan, 2014). The persistence of S. yirgalemense, measured using codling moth larval mortality, was found to be zero in one vineyard, whereas, in another vineyard, it was 70 %, 12 weeks after application.…”

Section: Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) In Deciduous Fruit Citrus and Grmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The persistence of S. yirgalemense, measured using codling moth larval mortality, was found to be zero in one vineyard, whereas, in another vineyard, it was 70 %, 12 weeks after application. Tests were conducted to establish the production of scavenger-deterrent factors (Le Vieux & Malan, 2015) by H. zealandica and S. yirgalemense. Of the cadavers that were presented 6 days after nematode infection, 49 % of the H. zealandica, and 60 % of the S. yirgalemense infected cadavers were left intact.…”

Section: Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) In Deciduous Fruit Citrus and Grmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Olfactometry tests indicated a significant difference concerning the number of S. yirgalemense IJ that were attracted to damaged Vitis vinifera L. (Vitales: Vitaceae) roots, and to P. ficus, indicating the active movement of the IJ, and the attractive ability of organic compounds produced by the roots. These studies showed that EPN, and specifically S. yirgalemense, have promising potential as biological control agents for the control of P. ficus soil populations (Le Vieux & Malan, 2015).…”

Section: Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) In Deciduous Fruit Citrus and Grmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nematode Pathogenesis of Insects and Other Pests

Campos‐Herrera¹

2015

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“…Two indigenous species, H. zealandica and S. yirgalemense, proved to be the most effective. Later research by Le Vieux and Malan (2015) indicated that S. yirgalemense was capable of detecting P. ficus individuals and actively seeking out mealybug hosts to infect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Local Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Control of the Vine Mealybug, Planococcus ficus

Platt¹,

Stokwe

Malan

2018

SAJEV

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Planococcus ficus, the vine mealybug, is the dominant mealybug pest of grapes in South Africa. To provide an alternative for chemical control, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) were investigated as a biological control agent to be used in an integrated pest management system. Four local EPN species were screened for efficacy against female P. ficus, the most potent of which were Heterorhabditis noenieputensis, with 90% mortality, and Steinernema yirgalemense, with 63%. Since S. yirgalemense was previously shown to be highly effective against a range of pests, the effects of temperature and humidity on the infectivity of S. yirgalemense to female P. ficus were also assessed. The application of S. yirgalemense at 25°C yielded the highest mortality, of 72%, followed by 45% mortality at 30°C, and only 9% mortality when applied at 15°C. Steinernema yirgalemense performed best at 100% relative humidity (RH), resulting in 70% mortality. Decreasing RH levels resulted in decreased mortality (61% mortality at 80% RH, 40% mortality at 60% RH). As a soil-based organism, S. yirgalemense is most effective as a biocontrol agent of P. ficus under conditions of moderate temperature and high humidity. Its lethality to P. ficus, and its status as an indigenous species, indicate its promise as a potential biocontrol agent of the vine mealybug.

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Prospects for Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control the Vine Mealybug, Planococcus ficus, in South African Vineyards

Cited by 21 publications

References 59 publications

The Potential Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

The Potential Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Nematode Pathogenesis of Insects and Other Pests

Potential of Local Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Control of the Vine Mealybug, Planococcus ficus

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