The Potential Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Vieux, P. D. Le; Malan, Antoinette P.

doi:10.21548/34-2-1109

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Steinernema yirgalemense was the next most effective, causing mortality of 63%. This is in keeping with an earlier study by Le Vieux and Malan (2013), in which eight EPN species, six indigenous to South Africa and two commercially available species, namely S. feltiae and H. bacteriophora, were screened for their ability to cause mortality in female P. ficus. The two most effective species were H. zealandica and S. yirgalemense.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

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Potential of Local Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Control of the Vine Mealybug, Planococcus ficus

Platt¹,

Stokwe

Malan

2018

SAJEV

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Planococcus ficus, the vine mealybug, is the dominant mealybug pest of grapes in South Africa. To provide an alternative for chemical control, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) were investigated as a biological control agent to be used in an integrated pest management system. Four local EPN species were screened for efficacy against female P. ficus, the most potent of which were Heterorhabditis noenieputensis, with 90% mortality, and Steinernema yirgalemense, with 63%. Since S. yirgalemense was previously shown to be highly effective against a range of pests, the effects of temperature and humidity on the infectivity of S. yirgalemense to female P. ficus were also assessed. The application of S. yirgalemense at 25°C yielded the highest mortality, of 72%, followed by 45% mortality at 30°C, and only 9% mortality when applied at 15°C. Steinernema yirgalemense performed best at 100% relative humidity (RH), resulting in 70% mortality. Decreasing RH levels resulted in decreased mortality (61% mortality at 80% RH, 40% mortality at 60% RH). As a soil-based organism, S. yirgalemense is most effective as a biocontrol agent of P. ficus under conditions of moderate temperature and high humidity. Its lethality to P. ficus, and its status as an indigenous species, indicate its promise as a potential biocontrol agent of the vine mealybug.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Le Vieux and Malan (2013) assessed the potential of EPNs in controlling the vine mealybug in South Africa. Eight EPN species, six of which are indigenous to South Africa, were screened for pathogenicity to local populations of P. ficus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Local Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Control of the Vine Mealybug, Planococcus ficus

Platt¹,

Stokwe

Malan

2018

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“…The four treatments were applied to trees, with 10 Phlyctinus callosus larvae being buried at each tree. Ten perforated 0.2 mL Eppendorf tubes, with a FCM larvae in each and prepared as described in the sand bioassay, were tied together, using a piece of cotton thread (Le Vieux & Malan ). The Eppendorf tubes were buried close to the treatment tree, at a depth of 15 cm, with the thread left extending above the soil, for ease of detection and retrieval.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of the banded fruit weevil Phlyctinus callosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) using entomopathogenic nematodes

2019

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Phlyctinus callosus (Schönherr), the banded fruit weevil, is a key pest of deciduous fruit and grapevine in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), as a biocontrol agent, are found to be effective in controlling both soilborne and above-ground insect pests. Different EPN species were screened for virulence against different life stages of P. callosus, followed by a field trial, in which Steinernema yirgalemense was applied at different concentrations. S. yirgalemense, Heterorhabditis noenieputensis and the exotic Steinernema feltiae gave good control of P. callosus larvae at 100 infective juveniles per insect, with no significant difference between treatments. In the case of P. callosus pupae, Heterorhabditis indica (70%) and Heterorhabditis baujardi (67%) differed significantly (P < 0.05) in their control, compared with H. noenieputensis (55%). H. indica (95%) and S. yirgalemense (94%) gave significantly higher (P < 0.05) control of P. callosus adults, compared with the three other nematode species tested. In the field trials, S. yirgalemense, at 20 and 40 infective juveniles/cm 2 , gave 69% and 78% control of P. callosus larvae after 48 h of exposure, respectively. The results indicated that all EPNs tested were effective against the immature and adult stages of P. callosus, with differences in mortality among the EPN species tested. S. yirgalemense, at low concentration, can effectively control P. callosus under field conditions, but large-scale field trials are recommended to demonstrate the potential use of this biocontrol agent within integrated pest management programmes.

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“…Some species, which currently are produced commercially, are used as effective biological control agents (Kaya & Gaugler, 1993;Hazir et al, 2003). Le Vieux and Malan (2013b) conducted studies in the laboratory during which six South African nematodes species were tested. They established that Steinernema yirgalemense Nguyen, Tesfamariam, Gozel, Gaugler & Adams, 2005 and Heterorhabditis zealandica Poinar, 1990 were the most effective in infecting and killing adult female P. ficus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the greater part of the population is found above ground, they also occur on vine roots down to a depth of 30 cm (Walton & Pringle, 2004a;De Villiers, 2006). As a result, soil column tests were conducted by Le Vieux and Malan (2013b). Planococcus ficus individuals were buried 15 cm deep in river sand, with the resultant mean percentage mortality caused by H. zealandica and S. yirgalemense at 82% and 95% respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control the Vine Mealybug, Planococcus ficus, in South African Vineyards

Vieux

Malan

2015

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In South Africa, the most common method of mealybug control has been the use of chemical insecticides. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the of the families Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae potentially can be used within an integrated pest management scheme to control Planococcus ficus, the vine mealybug, which occurs on all parts of grapevine, including the roots. When Steinernema yirgalemense was applied to the soil of two vineyards with P. ficus, contained in pierced Eppendorf tubes, buried at a depth of 15 cm in the soil, mortalities of up to 50% were obtained after 48 h. The persistence of S. yirgalemense, measured using codling moth larval mortality was found to be zero in one vineyard, while in the other it was 70%, 12 weeks after application. Tests were conducted to establish the production of scavenger deterrent factors by H. zealandica and S. yirgalemense. Of the cadavers that were presented six days after nematode infection, 49% of the H. zealandica-and 60% of the S. yirgalemense-infected cadavers were left intact. Olfactometry tests indicated a significant difference concerning the number of S. yirgalemense infective juveniles (IJs) that were attracted to damaged Vitis vinifera roots and P. ficus, indicating active movement of the IJs and the attractive ability of organic compounds produced by the roots. This study shows that EPNs, and specifically S. yirgalemense, have promising potential as biological control agents for the control of P. ficus soil populations, and investigates some influential factors affecting EPNs as biocontrol agents in the agro-ecosystem.

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The Potential Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Cited by 20 publications

References 37 publications

Potential of Local Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Control of the Vine Mealybug, Planococcus ficus

Potential of Local Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Control of the Vine Mealybug, Planococcus ficus

Control of the banded fruit weevil Phlyctinus callosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) using entomopathogenic nematodes

Prospects for Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control the Vine Mealybug, Planococcus ficus, in South African Vineyards

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