Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), which integrates biological pretreatment, enzyme production, saccharification, and fermentation, is a promising operational strategy for cost-effective ethanol production from biomass. In this study, the use of a native strain of Trametes hirsuta (Bm-2) was evaluated for bioethanol production from Brosimum alicastrum in a CBP. The raw seed flour obtained from the ramon tree contained 61% of starch, indicating its potential as a raw material for bioethanol production. Quantitative assays revealed that the Bm-2 strain produced the amylase enzyme with activity of 193.85 U/mL. The Bm-2 strain showed high tolerance to ethanol stress and was capable of directly producing ethanol from raw flour at a concentration of 13 g/L, with a production yield of 123.4 mL/kg flour. This study demonstrates the potential of T. hirsuta Bm-2 for starch-based ethanol production in a consolidated bioprocess to be implemented in the biofuel industry. The residual biomass after fermentation showed an average protein content of 22.5%, suggesting that it could also be considered as a valuable biorefinery co-product for animal feeding.Microorganisms 2019, 7, 483 2 of 16 use bioethanol as their main source of fuel. Ethanol blends vary depending on the country, containing from as low as 5% (E5) to 100% bioethanol (E100) [4][5][6][7].The growing global demand for bioethanol requires the use of alternative sources of raw materials to complement sugar cane and cornstarch, which are the main raw materials used to produce it. Starch crops are widely used for bioethanol production because of their worldwide availability, easy conversion, and high ethanol yield. These raw materials include cereals (60%-80% starch), tubers and roots (60%-90%), legumes (25%-50%), and green and immature fruits (up to 70% starch) [2].Conventionally, ethanol production from starch consists of several stages. Starch is subjected to a gelatinization process followed by a liquefaction step where starch is converted to dextrins and smaller molecules by the action of bacterial thermostable amylases at high temperatures (95-105 • C) and pH values between 6 and 6.5. This step is followed by saccharification. The liquefied starch is cooled, pH is adjusted to 4-4.5, temperatures to 60-65 • C, and a fungal glucoamylase is added to hydrolyze the oligosaccharides to glucose. The liquefaction and saccharification stages represent about 40%-50% of the total energy used during starch-based ethanol production [8][9][10].Owing to this technical complexity and the economic implications of this approach, other biological alternatives have been investigated, such as simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). The latter is a promising strategy for effective ethanol production, since it employs only one type of microorganism that is capable of both producing the enzymes to hydrolyze the biomass and converting sugars into ethanol [11,12]. This strategy has the potential of lowering the cost and enhancing the efficie...