Effect of temperature on tribological performance of organic friction modifier and anti-wear additive: Insights from friction, surface (ToF-SIMS and EDX) and wear analysis

Cyriac, Febin; Yi, Tee Xin; Poornachary, Sendhil K.

doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2021.106896

Cited by 34 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This observation suggests the formation of a thick GMO tribo lm. A similar phenomenon was observed earlier for GMO in GIII base oil under similar rubbing conditions [35]. In the boundary lubrication regime, GMO exhibited a marginal improvement in friction in ester oil (Figure 3).…”

Section: In Uence Of Base Oil Polarity On the Tribological Performance Of Gmosupporting

confidence: 87%

“…It should be noted that most of the earlier studies on ZDDP and OFMs were performed at temperatures 100 o C and below [13, 15-17, 21, 34]. A higher temperature was chosen to accelerate the generation of chemically reacted lm which is known to depend on the severity of tribological contact [35]. As temperature plays an important role with regard to adsorption/desorption phenomena, measurement at higher temperature can be used for identifying product groups that are most effective under more severe requirements with regard to friction retention.…”

Section: Tribological Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to surface characterization, ToF-SIMS spectra of the base oil, GMO, oleamide and ZDDP samples were also collected for reference. The instrumental parameters and measurement protocol used for the static and dynamic analysis of the disc specimens are discussed elsewhere [35]. Further, elemental composition of tribfo lm formed on the wear surface was carried out using JEOL JSM-7900F eld emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) equipped with Oxford INCA energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometer.…”

Section: Surface Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Base oil Polarity on the Tribological Performance of Surface-Active Engine Oil Additives

Cyriac

Poornachary

2021

Tribol Lett

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Friction, wear and tribo lm growth of organic friction modi ers (glycerol monooleate and oleamide), antiwear additive (ZDDP) and binary additive system comprising the organic friction modi ers and ZDDP were studied in polyalphaole n (PAO) and ester oil. The mechanisms underlying base oil polaritydependent frictional performance of the OFM and AW additives at high temperature (140 oC), either singly or in combination, was investigated in the light of chemical composition analysis of the tribo lms post friction measurements using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), static and dynamic timeof-ight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Depending on the rubbing conditions, the boundary friction coe cient of the binary additive systems were found to be either lower than that of individual additives or to lay between the values for the individual additives. Chemical composition analysis of the tribo lms indicated that the nature of base oil controlled interactions between ZDDP and OFM and consequently adsorption and reactive tribo lm formation in the boundary lubrication layer.Surface roughness and wear scar width measured post tribological tests using 3D surface pro ler showed improved wear performance in both PAO and ester-based additive formulations.

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Section: In Uence Of Base Oil Polarity On the Tribological Performance Of Gmosupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Tribological Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surface Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Base oil Polarity on the Tribological Performance of Surface-Active Engine Oil Additives

Cyriac

Poornachary

2021

Tribol Lett

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“…The tribological properties of different greases were investigated using a four-ball tribometer (MRS-10W, Jinan [Shandong] Liantai Testing Machine Co.). In addition, considering the effect of temperature on the additives (Cyriac et al , 2021), friction and wear tests were carried out at room temperature and 150°C with ambient humidity (30 ± 2%).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic lubrication effect of antioxidant and low content ZDDP on PFPE grease

Wang

et al. 2021

ILT

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to reduce the use of Zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates (ZDDP) and improve the frictional properties and thermal oxidation stability of Perfluoropolyether (PFPE) grease by adding antioxidant additives. The addition of antioxidants can reduce the consumption of ZDDP as an antioxidant, thus improving the anti-wear efficiency of ZDDP and reducing the excess phosphorus element in the grease. Design/methodology/approach In this study, an antioxidant with good comprehensive performance was selected from several antioxidants by tribological tests and high-temperature tests. Then, the effect of its combination additive with ZDDP on PFPE grease was investigated. The anti-wear property, anti-friction property, thermal oxidation stability and extreme pressure property of greases containing different proportions of ZDDP and antioxidant were tested by four-ball tester and synchronous thermal analyzer (STA). The effects of additives on properties of grease were analyzed by SEM, EDS, LSCM, XPS and FT-IR. Findings The research shows that 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) can be used as an antioxidant in combined additives to reduce the antioxidant reactions of ZDDP, thus improving the anti-wear efficiency of ZDDP and further enhancing the anti-wear performance of the grease. Moreover, BHT and ZDDP have a synergistic effect on the high temperature performance of the PFPE grease due to their different antioxidant mechanisms. Social implications In this paper, the problems related to PFPE grease are studied, which has a certain guiding effect on the industrial application of fluorine grease and the related formulation design. Originality/value In this paper, the properties of PFPE grease under different lubricating condition were studied. The synergistic lubrication effect of antioxidant and ZDDP are discussed. It provides experimental and theoretical support for reducing the content of ZDDP and improving the performance of additives.

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“…The most common reasons for excessive wear of the monitored friction nodes are a lower lubrication quality, a too low oil viscosity and a too high or too low oil temperature, as well as a pressure drop in the lubrication system [ 11 ]. The next most possible causes of observed wear are the correct choice of materials at friction points, the choice of lubricant and its regular replacement and the operating conditions under which the engine runs (e.g., urban operation with frequent starting and driving with a cold engine or driving on the motorway) [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Valve timing is one of the key systems of an internal combustion engine, which contributes significantly to friction losses, especially under boundary and mixed lubrication conditions at lower crankshaft speeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microanalysis of Worn Surfaces of Selected Rotating Parts of an Internal Combustion Engine

et al. 2021

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The present paper analyzes the damage of surfaces at spots of frictional contact, namely, the friction nodes on a camshaft and the connecting rod pins of a crankshaft. The resulting wear of the monitored friction nodes reduces the technical life of the machines, which can lead to the decommissioning of the machine. Wear was assessed by measuring roughness and microhardness and by observing the microstructures of the materials. The results of the experiments show that the rotating parts displayed visible wear on the cams, as well as on the connecting rod pins. The experiments revealed that wear was caused by the heating of the material to a high temperature during the operation of the machine and that there was a gradual cooling and tempering of the material, which led to a reduction in the microhardness of the monitored object. Lower microhardness values can be a cause of greater wear of the monitored objects. When comparing the microhardness of the used and the new camshaft, the hardened layer of the new camshaft from secondary production has a significantly smaller thickness compared to worn cams, which leads to the finding of a different material quality compared to the original parts from primary production. This fact indicates that the wear of a new camshaft as a spare part can contribute to the shortening of the technical life of friction nodes.

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Effect of temperature on tribological performance of organic friction modifier and anti-wear additive: Insights from friction, surface (ToF-SIMS and EDX) and wear analysis

Cited by 34 publications

References 40 publications

Influence of Base oil Polarity on the Tribological Performance of Surface-Active Engine Oil Additives

Influence of Base oil Polarity on the Tribological Performance of Surface-Active Engine Oil Additives

Synergistic lubrication effect of antioxidant and low content ZDDP on PFPE grease

Microanalysis of Worn Surfaces of Selected Rotating Parts of an Internal Combustion Engine

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