Effect of the Laser Beam on the Skin**From the Departments of Dermatology and Physics of the University of Cincinnati. The study was done under a grant from the U.S. Public Health Service 0H0018.

Goldman, Leon; Blaney, Donald J.; Kindel, Dan J.; Franke, Earnest K.

doi:10.1038/jid.1963.21

Cited by 159 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…This indicates that the intensity of 780 nm light penetrating to 1.15 mm below the epidermis is sufficient for LDF to gather information about the blood flow dynamics (Braverman 1997(Braverman , 2000. Our findings differ from some of those reported earlier (Goldman et al 1963, Karsten and Smit 2012, Dremin and Dunaev 2016, because the wavelength of the laser diode in the present study differed, although the exact depth to which the LDF method can be effective remains unknown (Braverman et al 1992). One expects differences in the amplitude of the flux measured from different skins, due to possible difference in the density of erythrocytes between individuals, given that the flux (the Doppler-shifted signal) depends on the erythrocyte concentration.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Our study sheds additional light on the long-running debate about the significance for LDF of the optical difference between Caucasian and non-Caucasian skin, a question that has been under discussion ever since the early days of the technique (Leahy et al 1999). Dark skin colour significantly attenuates the incident laser light that reaches the deeper skin tissue (Goldman et al 1963). Fredriksson et al (2009) used Monte Carlo simulations of light propagation in tissue, for wavelengths between 543 and 780 nm, to show that skin pigmentation is expected to have a negligible effect on the measurement depth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

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On the suitability of laser-Doppler flowmetry for capturing microvascular blood flow dynamics from darkly pigmented skin

et al. 2019

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Non-invasive optical techniques in biomedicine have made notable advances in recent decades (Peng et al 2008, Vo-Dinh 2014, Tuchin 2016. One example is laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). It has been shown to give results comparable to those from other methods of evaluating skin microvascular blood flow, and it possesses the particular advantage of continuous detection of microvascular blood flow in a volume of tissue, as opposed to axial flow in a single vessel (Nitzan et al 1988).LDF provides a simple and non-invasive approach for assessing the dynamical properties of the skin microcirculation, and it can be applied in both the healthy and pathological states (Stefanovska et al 1999). In combination with appropriate time-series analysis, it can yield valuable insights into the dynamics of microvascular blood flow. Its working principle depends on the Doppler shift in the frequency of light reflected from moving red blood corpuscles (erythrocytes). So it relies on the passage of incident light through the skin, twice. Some knowledge of the skin's optical properties is therefore required.As illustrated in figure 1, human skin (Kanitakis 2002) is made up of several layers, of which the melanin chromophores responsible for skin pigmentation reside in the epidermal layer (Costin and Hearing 2007).

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

On the suitability of laser-Doppler flowmetry for capturing microvascular blood flow dynamics from darkly pigmented skin

et al. 2019

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“…In our previous study, additional light energy was delivered at a 980 nm wavelength with a 15 J/cm 2 energy density and 4W of power output. A dark skin colour significantly attenuates the incident laser light that reaches the deeper skin tissue [16], and a longer wavelength penetrates deeper into the skin [40][41][42]. Macedo et al [43] illustrated this principle in their study, which indicated that epidermal melanin absorbs approximately four times as much energy when irradiated by a 694 nm wavelength laser light than when exposed to the 1064 nm laser beam, thus allowing for a greater penetration of the longer wavelength into the dermis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The components of the tissue that absorb the photons are chromophores, such as melanin, hemoglobin and water [11]. Studies on humans have confirmed that dark, strongly melanized (pigmented) skin absorbs much more laser light energy than fair (non-pigmented) skin [15,16]. Large numbers of melanocytes located in the bottom layer of the epidermis can cause nonspecific light energy absorption and possible thermal injury [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Effect of High-Intensity Laser Therapy (HILT) on Skin Surface Temperature and Vein Diameter in Pigmented and Non-Pigmented Skin in Healthy Racehorses

Zielińska

Soroko

Howell

et al. 2021

Animals

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The aim of the study was to assess differences in the influence of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) on the skin surface temperature and vein diameter of the lateral fetlock joint region in a group of racehorses with pigmented and non-pigmented skin in the treatment area. Twenty Thoroughbreds were divided into two equal groups: pigmented and non-pigmented skin groups. Each horse received the same HILT treatment. Just before and immediately after HILT, thermographic examination was performed to measure the skin surface temperature and ultrasonographic examination assessed the lateral digital palmar vein diameter. After HILT, the pigmented skin surface temperature increased, while the non-pigmented skin surface temperature decreased, and the difference between both groups was significant (p < 0.001). The vein diameter increased after HILT in horses with pigmented and non-pigmented skin, but the difference between both groups was not significant (p = 0.14). In conclusion, melanin content in the epidermis plays an important role in light energy absorption and photothermal effects. The vein diameter changes after HILT application indicated that the increase in vessel diameter may partly depend on photothermal mechanisms occurring in irradiated tissue. Further research is necessary to describe the physiological and clinical effects of HILT performed on pigmented and non-pigmented skin.

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“…We are approaching the 60th anniversary of laser medical applications. Shortly after the invention ruby lasers (with wavelength 694.3 nm) in the 1960s, Goldman et al [ 1 ] started using it as therapy for melanoma, a human skin disease [ 2 ]. Later, in the 1980s, more powerful lasers, such as CO 2 lasers, argon lasers, and Nd:YAG lasers, were applied in the field of surgery (including laparoscopic), ophthalmology, dermatology, oncology, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Applications of Diode Lasers: Pulsed versus Continuous Wave (cw) Regime

Michalik¹,

Szymańczyk

Stajnke

et al. 2021

Micromachines

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The paper deals with the medical application of diode-lasers. A short review of medical therapies is presented, taking into account the wavelength applied, continuous wave (cw) or pulsed regimes, and their therapeutic effects. Special attention was paid to the laryngological application of a pulsed diode laser with wavelength 810 nm, and dermatologic applications of a 975 nm laser working at cw and pulsed mode. The efficacy of the laser procedures and a comparison of the pulsed and cw regimes is presented and discussed.

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Effect of the Laser Beam on the Skin**From the Departments of Dermatology and Physics of the University of Cincinnati. The study was done under a grant from the U.S. Public Health Service 0H0018.

Cited by 159 publications

References 1 publication

On the suitability of laser-Doppler flowmetry for capturing microvascular blood flow dynamics from darkly pigmented skin

On the suitability of laser-Doppler flowmetry for capturing microvascular blood flow dynamics from darkly pigmented skin

Comparison of the Effect of High-Intensity Laser Therapy (HILT) on Skin Surface Temperature and Vein Diameter in Pigmented and Non-Pigmented Skin in Healthy Racehorses

Medical Applications of Diode Lasers: Pulsed versus Continuous Wave (cw) Regime

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