Effect of the salts of deep ocean water on the production of cordycepin and adenosine of Cordyceps militaris-fermented product

Abstract

Cordyceps militaris is a type of entomogenous fungi and has been widely used as a medicinal fungus in Asia. Cordycepin produced by C. militaris has also been found to protect the liver. Moreover, deep ocean water (DOW) was proven to increase the functional compounds of functional fungi-fermented products. However, the regulation of the metals in DOW is still unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of DOW and certain major ions on the production of cordycepin and adenosine of C. militaris. The results indicated that, compared with using ultra-pure water (UPW), using DOW to cultivate C. militaris in a submerged culture increases the production of biomass and adenosine (p < 0.05). In the results of solid culture, the concentration of DOW exhibits a dose effect on cordycepin production. DOW contains ions that can improve the effectiveness of cordycepin, such as Mg2+, Na+, Ca2+, Fe2+, and NO3−, whereas the ion Cl− features an inhibitory effect. Moreover, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Fe2+, and SO42−can increase the production of adenosine, whereas Cl− cannot. However, the synthetic water made from various types of sodium salts (MgCl2, NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, FeCl2) had nearly the same effect on cordycepin production as that of DOW.

Using submerged fermentation to fast increase N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine, adenosine and polysaccharide productions of Cordyceps cicadae NTTU 868

“…The mineral sources, monopotassium phosphate, cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate and iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate, in the culture medium increased the concentrations of EPS and IPS in the C. cicadae mycelium (Sharma et al 2015b). Potassium chloride has been observed as being the optimal mineral source to produce higher concentrations of adenosine in C. militaris (Hung et al 2015) and higher concentration of EPS and IPS in another C. cicadae strain and C. sinensis (Dong and Yao 2005; Sharma et al 2015a). This study also observed that additional potassium chloride in PDB was able to produce higher productions of adenosine and HEA in the C. cicadae NTTU 868 mycelium.…”

“…Then, we collected the C. cicadae NTTU 868 fruit body and mycelium extract by centrifugation at 15,000 rpm for 10 min. Next, the extraction was incubated at − 20 °C overnight and then centrifuged at 15,000 rpm for 10 min to remove polysaccharide (Hung et al 2015). The supernatant was collected.…”

Evaluation of different agricultural wastes for the production of fruiting bodies and bioactive compounds by medicinal mushroom Cordyceps militaris

“…Ferrous sulfate addition could improve cordycepin production . The salts of deep ocean water could also promote the production of cordycepin . When cordycepin biosynthesis was investigated, it was discovered that glucose‐methanol‐choline oxidoreductase and telomerase reverse transcriptase were involved in cordycepin formation .…”

Metals of Deep Ocean Water Increase the Anti-Adipogenesis Effect of Monascus-Fermented Product via Modulating the Monascin and Ankaflavin Production

“…The applications of DOW on fermentation study are currently few. However, these rich minerals in DOW are able to promote the growth rate or metabolite production of microorganisms via acting as the co-factors of the key enzymes [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Based on these reasons, the application of DOW to the stimulation of biomass formation and functional metabolites production in microorganisms is probably useful.…”

“…However, the superior anti-obesity effect of DOW-RMD is likely because of the high quantities of MS and AK in DOW-RMD [ 21 ]. Numerous studies have also indicated that the metals in DOW may be one of the primary factors influencing organism growth and compound generation [ 2 , 13 , 14 ]. However, the influences that the major metals in DOW have on Monascus secondary metabolite biosynthesis and various health functions remain unknown.…”