Effect of TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Mixed CaO Catalyst in Palm Oil Transesterification

Mohamad, Mohd Faizal; Ngadi, Norzita

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.319

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the increase in yield is insignificant after attaining the optimum result. The addition of a catalyst can further reduce the biodiesel yield, primarily owing to the decreasing quantity of active sites that could swift the reaction rate [39]. In addition, the catalyst was used excessively, causing the reactants and their products to be absorbed by the catalyst powder.…”

Section: Effect Amount Of Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of CaO Limestone from Lintau Buo Supported by TiO<sub>2</sub> as a Heterogeneous Catalyst in the Production of Biodiesel

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biodiesel constitutes an alternative to diesel fuel, developing a base catalyst in cost efficiency and reducing the impact on the environment due to toxic waste and excessive chemicals. This study employed a mixture of an oxide catalyst, CaO/TiO2, which was ably synthesized as a heterogeneous catalyst to convert waste frying oil (WFO) into biodiesel. Heterogeneous catalysts have been characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TEM, SEM-EDX, and BET to identify their crystal type, morphology, composition, and surface area. Catalytic activity was affected by the amount, oil/methanol ratio, reaction temperature, and duration. A 94% biodiesel yield was achieved by optimizing the following reaction parameters: 5wt.%, 6:1 methanol: oil, 65 °C, for 4 h. The addition of TiO2 to CaO improves the catalyst stability and transforms the reactants into products. The structure and characteristics of TiO2 maintained stability and supported CaO well. Its repeated biodiesel fuel production demonstrated the catalyst stability from WFO throughout the transesterification reaction.

show abstract

Section: Effect Amount Of Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of CaO Limestone from Lintau Buo Supported by TiO<sub>2</sub> as a Heterogeneous Catalyst in the Production of Biodiesel

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The stirring speed of transesterification reaction enhances the percentage yield of biodiesel. Actually, it favours the maximum mixing of the contents in minimum time and also influences on the reaction kinetics 19, 96–98, 102, 104, 105. Tab.…”

Section: Reaction Parameters Of Transesterification Reactions Using M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moisture content is a critical variable when using biomass as an energy source because it greatly impacts the conversion efficiency and heating value. High moisture content also causes logistical challenges since it makes materials more likely to degrade, which lowers the energy and cost balances [19,94,96,[99][100][101][102].…”

Section: Amount Of Nanocatalysts and Moisture Content Of Feedstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relative quantity of alcohol is always kept higher in reactions than the stoichiometric ratio in order to obtain maximal conversions. But access to large amounts of alcohol decreases the potential of catalysts over a specific threshold, as alcoholic product deposits on catalyst surfaces [19,94,[99][100][101][102]. Various alcohols are used in the transesterification of triglycerides, including methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol, but methanol is the most often used alcohol due to its cost-effectiveness [7].…”

Section: Reaction Temperature and Molar Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Advances in Metal Oxide‐based Nanocatalysts for Biodiesel Production: A Review

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The demand for renewable fuels has risen as a result of increasing human population, urbanization, industrialization, and transport systems. Biodiesel production using metal oxide-based heterogeneous catalysts is an efficient, sustainable, and environmentally friendly approach. Because of their recovery, reusability, and consistency, heterogeneous catalysts may be preferable to homogeneous catalysts. Since the last few decades, the metal oxides of alkali earth and transition metals and their composite materials have been used as nanocatalysts in the production of biodiesel fuel. Utilization of inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) and their composite materials in producing biodiesel has gained increased attention because of their advanced physical and chemical characteristics. In this review, the applicability of metal oxides and their nanocomposite-based catalysts in biodiesel production, transesterification reactions with nanocatalytic systems, and the important parameters that affect these reactions are discussed.

show abstract

“…The wise use of waste material as a heterogeneous catalyst can minimize overall BD production costs. Because of its abundance in nature, low cost, and high level of activity, CaO is a common type of heterogeneous catalyst for BD production [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%