Effect of Trap Color and Residual Attraction of a Pheromone Lure for Monitoring Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Abstract

Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are commonly monitored using pyramid traps baited with a pheromone. Initially, the pyramid traps were painted yellow and predominantly used to monitor native stink bug species. However, research studies involving the exotic Halyomorpha halys Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) now use pyramid traps that are black, not yellow. As H. halys moves across the southeastern United States, the use of a single trap, yellow or black, for monitoring and conducting research studies would be beneficial. Our objective was to compare black and yellow pyramid traps baited with a lure to determine if one was superior for trapping herbivorous stink bugs. This study was conducted at four locations, three in Alabama and one in Georgia, over 2 yr. Additionally, residual efficacy of the lure was measured via trap capture over 1-mo intervals. Our results showed that only when native stink bug species were combined, and only in 1 yr, were captures significantly affected by trap color. Capture of the exotic H. halys and the most abundant native species, Euschistus servus (Say), was not significantly affected by trap color. Trap capture was significantly affected by how long a lure was in a trap. The data from this study suggests that when traps are used in conjunction with a pheromone to monitor multiple species of adult stink bugs, especially native species, the yellow pyramid trap is favored.

Optimizing efficiencies in biosecurity surveillance and monitoring: testing colour and multi-lure traps on tomato potato psyllid, other plant-lice (Psylloidea) and stinkbugs (Pentatomoidea)

“…Conversely, stinkbugs were not attracted to either trap colour. Although our study had very low numbers of stinkbugs, this result is supported by(Cottrell et al, 2020) who found that BMSB and other stinkbugs are not signi cantly in uenced by trap colour.Our results provide evidence that olfactory cues are clearly more species-speci c than colour for both Psylloidea and Pentatomoidea. This is unsurprising given that previous studies have shown the high sensitivity of olfactory cues, particularly for Psylloidea.…”

“…For example, P. a nis was attracted to BMSB lures whether they were in combination with ACP lures or not, and although TPP was repelled by both lure types, combinations of these lures did not increase repellancy signi cantly. Unsurprisingly, we found that over time lure effectiveness declined as the chemical degrades, which has been an identi ed issue for lure longevity (Suckling, 2000); (Cottrell et al, 2020). The impact of the lures were most prominent for all taxa in the rst two weeks, after which TPP was the only insect still detecting and avoiding BMSB lures.…”

“…Moreover, despite the diversity of native pentatomids in Western Australia (approximately 137 described species;(Cassis & Gross, 2002) lack of captures suggest that other species weren't attracted to the lures or sticky traps. Few stinkbugs are attracted to BMSB lures elsewhere, such as the pest Acrosternum hilare (Say)(Aldrich et al, 2009), and Euschistus servus (Say)(Cottrell et al, 2020) in the United States, but such examples are uncommon with most stinkbugs relatively lure speci c (Tillman et al, 2010).…”

A Basketball Technique Balance Control Technology Based on Ant Colony Algorithm

“…Pheromone needs to be updated in time. If there are too many residual pheromones, it will overwhelm the enlightening information [13]. In other words, after each ant completes a step or completes a cycle, the residual information must be updated.…”

“…In formula (13), ϑ represents the degree of passive stretching of the hind leg muscles corresponding to the angle difference λ b at the knee joint under the shooting take-off, and ζ represents the angle with the hip joint as the axis relative to the horizontal plane.…”