Effect of treadmill exercise on social interaction and tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder rats

Abstract

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) involves clinically heterogeneous dysfunctions of sustained attention, with behavioral hyper-activity and impulsivity. The exact underlying mechanisms of ADHD are not known, however, impairment of dopaminergic system in the nigrostriatal pathway was suggested as the one of the possible mechanisms of ADHD. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme that is involved in the synthesis of dopamine. Spontaneous hypertensive rats have been used as the animal model for ADHD. Physical exercise is known to restore the brain functions disrupted by several neurode-generative and psychiatric disorders. In the present study, we investigated whether treadmill exercise exerts therapeutic effect on ADHD. Social interaction test for the evaluation of impulsivity was performed using spontaneous hypertensive rats. TH expressions in the substantia nigra and striatum were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. In the present results, the rats of ADHD model showed hyper-social behaviors. TH expressions in the substantia nigra and striatum were decreased in the rats of ADHD model. Treadmill exercise alleviated hyper-social behaviors in the ADHD rats. TH expressions of ADHD rats were also enhanced by treadmill exercise. Here in this study, we showed that treadmill exercise effectively alleviates the ADHD-induced symptoms through enhancing of TH expression in the brain.

Neurosteroid replacement therapy using the allopregnanolone-analogue ganaxolone following preterm birth in male guinea pigs

“…The familiar social test was used to measure social interactions towards a familiar animal. 16,33,34 The test animal was placed into the arena (same as above) with an animal of the same sex, age, and home pen for 5 min. Parameters measured included approaching (quantified by an active change in orientation and/ or movement of the test animal towards the familiar animal), and having an affectionate or agonistic interaction with the familiar animal.…”

Effects of Exercise Interventions and Physical Activity Behavior on Cancer Related Cognitive Impairments: A Systematic Review

“…As potential mediators of improved prefrontal cognitive function, two mechanisms are discussed. First, acute exercise is associated with the secretion of specific neurotransmitters such as dopamine (as part of the reward system) which plays an important role in prefrontal regulation [ 41 , 42 ]. Second, exercise might improve the metabolic situation of neurons by providing lactate as a substrate.…”

Deficiency of tumor suppressor NDRG2 leads to attention deficit and hyperactive behavior

“…The dopamine deficit theory of ADHD (29,(46)(47)(48)(49)(50) (Figure 7) has been studied extensively in patients with ADHD (51,52) and is consistent with hypodopaminergic rodent models of ADHD (6). Methylphenidate, which exerts its effects by increasing synaptic dopamine levels through inhibition of dopamine transportermediated dopamine reuptake (53), has been used to treat ADHD in children and adults for many years (54).…”