Effect of tryptophan depletion on the attentional salience of smoking cues

Hitsman, Brian; Spring, Bonnie; Pingitore, Regina; Munafò, Marcus R.; Hedeker, Donald

doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0722-2

Cited by 32 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…One explanation for these unexpected findings is that the effects of nicotine depend upon attentional salience (Hitsman, Spring, Pingitore, Munafò, & Hedeker, 2007) as well as the emotional valence of the stimulus such that nicotine enhances attention to stimuli with greater salience and with greater positive valence given equivalent salience (Gilbert, Rabinovich et al, 2008). Alternatively, these results may hinge on the failure to find priming effects for this dual-picture condition independently of nicotine; the positive primes failed to promote increased first-gaze bias towards happy rather than neutral stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine primes attention to competing affective stimuli in the context of salient alternatives.

Asgaard¹,

Gilbert²,

Malpass³

et al. 2010

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Despite the importance of the subject, the effects of nicotine on the interplay between affect and attentional bias are not clear. This interplay was assessed with a novel design of the Primed Attentional Competition Task (PACT). It included a 200 ms duration emotional priming picture (negative, positive, or neutral) followed by a dual-target picture of two emotional faces side-by-side. A second task included an emotional priming picture followed by a single emotional target picture in a classic affective priming (CAP) task, assessing RT to identify the valence. Smokers completed the tasks in a double-blind repeated measures design wearing a nicotine patch on one day and a placebo patch on the other day. Consistent with hypotheses, nicotine enhanced the effectiveness of positive primes to bias first gaze-fixations (FGFs) toward positive pictures relative to negative pictures and attenuated the effectiveness of negative primes on FGFs towards negative pictures, but did not bias performance in the CAP task where competing target stimuli were not present. These effects of nicotine on affective priming and attentional bias towards competing reinforcers may contribute to smoking motivation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine primes attention to competing affective stimuli in the context of salient alternatives.

Asgaard¹,

Gilbert²,

Malpass³

et al. 2010

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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“…The present study proposes a G*E model of smoking habits involving a functional variation of a gene (5-HT), which has direct implications on serotonergic neurotransmission (35). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking as a product of gene–environment interaction

Nilsson¹,

Oreland²,

Kronstrand³

et al. 2009

Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences

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A strong hereditary influence on smoking has been demonstrated. As one of the candidate genes in relation to smoking, the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) has been suggested, however with conflicting results. In recent studies, it has been shown that genotypic and environmental (G*E) factors interact in the shaping of a variety of phenotypic expressions. The objective of the present study was to investigate the interaction between a variation in the 5-HTTLPR and family environment in relation to smoking habits, nicotine dependence, and nicotine and cotinine levels in hair samples.A random Swedish adolescent population sample (n = 785), from which 200 individuals were stratified regarding behaviour, was genotyped for 5-HTTLPR and assessed with semi-structured interviews, a questionnaire, and hair analyses of nicotine and cotinine.The 5-HTTLPR gene interacted with a poor family environment to predict smoking habits, as well as nicotine and cotinine levels. The risk of being a smoker was increased 13 times for an individual with a combination of the 5-HTTLPR LS genotype and a poor family environment in comparison with the Homozygous Long-Long (LL) genotype and a good family environment.

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“…Booij et al (2005) tested participants' abilities to name the colours of emotionally loaded words and found that ATD increased interference for positively loaded words only. In another study, participants named the colours of emotionally loaded words and smoking-related words in smokers with or without histories of depression (Hitsman et al, 2007). ATD increased interference times for all types of words irrespective of psychiatric history.…”

Section: Selective or Focused Attentionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of acute tryptophan depletion on memory, attention and executive functions: A systematic review

Mendelsohn

Riedel

Sambeth

2009

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

148

125

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Effect of tryptophan depletion on the attentional salience of smoking cues

Abstract: Acutely compromising central serotonergic neurotransmission via ATD heightens the attentional salience of cigarette-related cues, perhaps by triggering reward and motivational deficits underlying nicotine dependence.

Cited by 32 publications

References 53 publications

Nicotine primes attention to competing affective stimuli in the context of salient alternatives.

Nicotine primes attention to competing affective stimuli in the context of salient alternatives.

Smoking as a product of gene–environment interaction

Effects of acute tryptophan depletion on memory, attention and executive functions: A systematic review

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