Effect of Turmeric and its Active Principle Curcumin on T3-Induced Oxidative Stress and Hyperplasia in Rat Kidney: A Comparison

Abstract

The present study was designed to compare the potential of turmeric and its active principle curcumin on T 3 -induced oxidative stress and hyperplasia. Adult male Wistar strain rats were rendered hyperthyroid by T 3 treatment (10 lg Á 100 g -1 Á day -1 intraperitoneal for 15 days in 0.1 mM NaOH) to induce renal hyperplasia. Another two groups were treated similarly with T 3 along with either turmeric or curcumin (30 mg kg -1 body weight dayorally for 15 days). The results indicate that T 3 induces both hypertrophy and hyperplasia in rat kidney as evidenced by increase in cell number per unit area, increased protein content, tubular dilation and interstitial edema. These changes were accompanied by increased mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity without any change in catalase activity and glutathione content suggesting an oxidative predominance. Both turmeric and curcumin were able to restore the level of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity in the present dose schedule. T 3 -induced histopathological changes were restored with turmeric treatment whereas curcumin administration caused hypoplasia. This may be due to lower concentration of curcumin in the whole turmeric. Thus it is hypothesized that regulation of cell cycle in rat kidney by T 3 is via reactive oxygen species and curcumin reveres the changes by scavenging them. Although the response trends are comparable for both turmeric and curcumin, the magnitude of alteration is more in the later. Turmeric in the current dose schedule is a safer bet than curcumin in normalizing the T 3 -induced hyperplasia may be due to the lower concentration of the active principle in the whole spice.

Renoprotective effect of the antioxidant curcumin: Recent findings

“…However, there is a paucity of information on T3-induced oxidative damage to mammalian kidney in general and with respect to antioxidant treatment in particular [66].The effect of curcumin treatment (30 mg/kg/day for 15 days) was evaluated on renal damage and oxidative stress induced by T3 administration. It was found that curcumin was able to attenuate the mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, the enhanced SOD activity and the histopathological changes secondary to T3-administration [66].…”

Chronic treatment of curcumin improves hepatic lipid metabolism and alleviates the renal damage in adenine-induced chronic kidney disease in Sprague-Dawley rats

“…The effects of curcumin on renal damage have been investigated both in vivo and in vitro. In laboratory animals, chronic supplementation of curcumin has been shown to protect renal damage in various chemically-induced nephrotoxicity and renal injury models [17–29]. Curcumin has also been shown to possess renoprotective effects against various metal-induced nephrotoxicity [30–33].…”

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Curcumin in Thyroid Gland Disorders

“…Histopathological findings showed that C. longa restored tubular dilation and interstitial oedema, whereas curcumin caused hypoplasia. Results suggested that C. longa is safer than curcumin in normalizing T3-induced hyperplasia (31).…”

“…There was a decrease in ROS levels after XL184 combined with EF24 treatment in thyroid cell lines (49). Cell proliferation and cell death could be controlled by C. longa and curcumin through modulating cellular oxidant/antioxidant status induced by T3 (31). Administration of curcumin has also inhibited superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical production by preventing the oxidation of Fe 2+ in Fenton's reaction, which generates •OH radicals (31).…”