Effect of ultrasonic activation on dentinal tubule penetration of calcium silicate‐based cements

Abstract

This study investigated the dentinal tubule penetration of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), NeoMTA Plus and Biodentine placed by either manual condensation or ultrasonic activation in simulated open apex model. Standardized divergent open apex models were created using palatal roots of 60 human maxillary molars and divided into six groups according to the used cements and activation methods (n = 10): MTA‐manual condensation, MTA‐ultrasonic activation, NeoMTA Plus‐manual condensation, NeoMTA Plus‐ultrasonic activation, Biodentine‐manual condensation, Biodentine‐ultrasonic activation. For the measurement of penetration, the cements were mixed with 0.1% Rhodamin B and 6‐mm apical portions of each root canal were obturated in an orthograde direction. The roots were embedded into acrylic blocks, and 1‐mm‐thick sections were obtained at 3 mm from the apex. Specimens were mounted onto glass slides and scanned under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and stereomicroscope. Dentinal tubule penetration areas, depth and percentage were measured using LSM and ImageJ software. The data were analyzed using two‐way analysis of variance (anova) with Bonferroni correction (α = 0.05). No correlation was found between stereomicroscope and CLSM analyses (p > .05). CLSM analysis showed no significant differences between MTA, NeoMTA Plus, and Biodentine groups when manual condensation was used (p > .05). Ultrasonic activation did not increase the tubular penetration of MTA, NeoMTA Plus or Biodentine as compared to manual condensation of each material (p > .05). MTA, NeoMTA Plus and Biodentine showed similar tubular penetration when manual condensation was used. Ultrasonic activation of these cements had no effect on tubular penetration of each material as compared to the manual condensation counterparts.

Effect of Different Obturation Techniques on Sealer Penetration into Dentinal Tubules after Final Irrigation with XP-Endo Finisher File

“…Dentinal tubule penetration of materials might be observed with microscopes such as stereomicroscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and CLSM. Earlier studies suggested CLSM as it provides 3D analysis and quantitative evaluation and does not require special sample preparation before scanning, unlike the SEM technique (13,14). In CLSM analysis, irrigation solution or sealer is mixed with rhodamine-B fluorescent dye for visualisation of material penetration into dentinal tubules and the samples are horizontally sectioned.…”

“…Dentinal tubule penetration of sealer may be affected by the physical properties of endodontic sealers such as setting time, flow and film thickness (13). Camilleri (28) reported that the properties of sealers were adversely changed by heat.…”

Filling ability of ready-to-use or powder-liquid calcium silicate-based sealers after ultrasonic agitation

“…Ultrasonic agitation of endodontic sealer before insertion of the gutta-percha cone has been proposed as a resource to optimize the filling of root canals with anatomical complexities 17 , 18 . On the other hand, it has also been reported that ultrasonic agitation does not improve the penetration of bioceramic materials into intratubular dentin 19 , 20 . To date, there is no data in the literature on the effect of ultrasonic agitation on the filling capacity of ready-to-use calcium silicate-based sealer or in powder-liquid presentation.…”

How do imaging protocols affect the assessment of root-end fillings?

“…The potential of the root-end filling materials to adhere to the surrounding dental tissue is desirable to provide sealing and avoid bacterial leakage and contamination [ 5 ]. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the interactions between teeth and materials in dentistry, since gaps between the dentin and material could promote poor sealing [ 6 7 ]. The selection of an appropriate material is a challenge in clinical practice, mainly because there is little information about the adaptation of materials to dentin [ 8 ], which is critical for achieving favorable treatment outcomes.…”