Effect of vegetable oils with different fatty acid composition on high-fat diet-induced obesity and colon inflammation

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Different fatty acids exert different health benefits. This study investigated the potential protective effects of perilla, olive, and safflower oils on high-fat diet-induced obesity and colon inflammation. MATERIALS/METHODS: Five-week old, C57BL/6J mice were assigned to 5 groups: low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) and high-fat diet supplemented with-perilla oil (HPO), olive oil (HOO), and safflower oil (HSO). After 16 weeks of the experimental period, the mice were sacrificed, and blood and tissues were collected. The serum was analyzed for obesity-and inflammation-related biomarkers. Gene expression of the biomarkers in the liver, adipose tissue, and colon tissue was analyzed. Micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis was performed one week before sacrifice. RESULTS: Treatment with all the three oils significantly improved obesity-induced increases in body weight, liver weight, and epididymal fat weight as well as serum triglyceride and leptin levels. Treatment with perilla oil (PO) and safflower oil (SO) increased adiponectin levels. The micro-CT analysis revealed that PO and SO reduced abdominal fat volume considerably. The mRNA expression of lipogenic genes was reduced in all the three oilsupplemented groups and PO upregulated lipid oxidation in the liver. Supplementation of oils improved macroscopic score, increased colon length, and decreased serum endotoxin and proinflammatory cytokine levels in the colon. The abundance of Bifidobacteria was increased and that of Enterobacteriaceae was reduced in the PO-supplemented group. All three oils reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels, as indicated by the mRNA expression. In addition, PO increased the expression of tight junction proteins. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our data indicate that the three oils exert similar anti-obesity effects. Interestingly, compared with olive oil and SO, PO provides better protection against high-fat diet-induced colon inflammation, suggesting that PO consumption helps manage inflammation-related diseases and provides omega-3 fatty acids needed by the body.

Perilla Seed Oil Alleviates Gut Dysbiosis, Intestinal Inflammation and Metabolic Disturbance in Obese-Insulin-Resistant Rats

“…Surprisingly, the 100 and 500 mg/kg/day of PSO treatment significantly reduced dyslipidemia in HFD-fed rats, as displayed by the lowered TC, TG, and LDL levels but unaffected HDL levels. Other studies have shown that supplementation with PSO ameliorated HFD-induced dyslipidemia by suppressing lipogenesis and increasing lipid oxidation in the liver [17,40]. PSO also decreased serum cholesterol, and arterial and hepatic lipid aggregation by regulating lipogenesis and lipolysis pathways in HFD mice [16].…”

“…In the present study, we showed that PSO, which contains high amounts of PUFA, attenuated gut dysbiosis, intestinal barrier integrity disruption, intestinal inflammation, intestinal oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress, and also decreased dyslipidemia and peripheral insulin resistance in HFD-fed rats. Similarly, long-term dietary supplementation with PSO ameliorated gut dysbiosis in HFD-induced colon inflammation by reducing the number of Enterobacteriaceae and elevating the number of Bifidobacteria, resulting in an increase in tight junction expression and a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine production [40]. Dietary supplementation with PSO for 16 weeks has shown lessened the HFD-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatic inflammation in an animal model [17].…”

Protective Effect of Diet-Supplemented and Endogenously Produced Omega-3 Fatty Acids against HFD-Induced Colon Inflammation in Mice

“…Tissues were collected, frozen immediately, and stored at −72 °C, and some parts of the tissues were fixed in formalin for histological evaluation. After dissection of the colon, edema or ulceration level was recorded as previously reported [ 20 ].…”

Gut microbiome responses to dietary intervention with hypocholesterolemic vegetable oils

“…In a recent mouse study, a reversal of detrimental effects associated with high-fat diet was shown with the supplementation of three types of dietary oils, detectable as attenuation of the decrease of Bifidobacteria and suppression of the increase of the Enterobacteriaceae in the murine gut 17 . Notably, this particular study was culture-based rather than metagenomics-based.…”