Effect of water stress and NaCl triggered changes on yield, physiology, biochemistry of broad bean (Vicia faba) plants and on quality of harvested pods

Abstract

Salinity and drought are the most important abiotic stresses affecting crop yield. Broad bean was chosen as model plant for assessing the impact of salt stress and its interaction with drought in the field experiments. The factors examined in the experiments were the two irrigation rates (normal watering -NW with 3 L plant −1 and drought -D) and three salinity rates imposed by foliar application (0, 50, 100 mg L −1 NaCl). Highest NaCl level with normal water irrigation caused maximum reduction in plant height and production, which it was due to photosynthetic disturbances. Salt injuries were alleviated by increasing water stress. The control plants exposed to NaCl lost their ability over water control. The increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 indicate the prevalence of oxidative stress due to salinity. The levels of proline and carbohydrates were higher under salinity alone than under simultaneous exposure to drought and NaCl. The protein concentration of immature and mature broad bean pods was more inhibited more by NaCl supply than by drought alone. The combination of drought and NaCl resulted in a significant increase in proteins, glucose, fructose and sucrose content. Overall, the ameliorative effect of drought under NaCl supply was quantified.

Effect of Waterdeficit on Seed Yield and Prolinecontent in Some Faba Bean Genotypes

“…The highest number of pods and seeds per plant showed by minor type followed by equina under well irrigation but equina genotypes were maintained numbers of pods in stress conditions (9.8, 7.1 and 6.8 for Hassawi 2, Giza 843 and Giza 2, respectively) but as mean of the water treatments suggested the superior of TW, Hassawi 2 and Gazira 2 with maximum number of pods (15.2, 13.8 and 13.5, respectively). Concerning no of seeds/plant, minor type genotypes produced highest number under well-watered conditions however, under drought stress Hassawi 2 from equina type shared Gazira 2 the first rank with mean number of 16.0 and 15.3, respectively (Table 4).These results are in agreement with these obtained by Khalafallah et al (2008), Ouzounidou et al (2014), Ammar et al (2014) and Alghamdi et al (2014) found that drought stress significantly influenced all faba bean characters. , source of variation; d.f., degree of freedom; ns, non-significant;*Significant at P 0.05; **Significant at P 0.01.…”

Response to Salt Stress in Lettuce: Changes in Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters, Phytochemical Contents, and Antioxidant Activities

“…The highest and lowest reductions were observed in shoot fresh weight (~7 fold) and leaf width (~2 fold), respectively, relative to the control plants. A similar reduction in growth parameters under high NaCl concentration was also observed in a number of other plants, including lettuce [6,9,24,[33][34][35][36]. Qin et al [32] also found a significant reduction in lettuce fresh weight, grown under higher saline concentrations than controls.…”

Effect of temporary drought at different growth stages on snap bean pod quality and yield

“…Drought stress increased protein concentrations in chickpea shoot (Rai et al, 1983), the whole barley plant (Bole and Pittman, 1978), in tomato leaves (Chao et al, 1999), and in the alfalfa shoot (Aranjuelo et al, 2011). However, levels of protein were reduced in immature and mature pods of broad bean (Ouzounidou et al, 2014), leaves of common bean (Lazcano-Ferrat and Lovatt, 1999), the wheat plant (Kulshrestha et al, 1987) and in shoots and roots of rice (Sharma and Dubey, 2005).…”