Effect of white and monochromatic lights on cyanobacteria and biofilms from Roman Catacombs

Bruno, Laura; Valle, Veronica

doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2017.07.013

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Stone surfaces and mural paintings in lithic indoor environments (crypts, tombs, caves, etc.) frequently suffer biodeterioration (Urzì et al 2010;Albertano 2012;Krakova et al 2015;Bruno and Valle 2017;Sanchez-Moral et al 2018). Nowadays, conventional methods used to treat these surfaces, generally employ physical and mechanical practices such as brushing and/or biocide application in order to eradicate microorganisms and because of their low cost, rapid application and short reaction time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One such method is the use of the physical method of using monochromatic lighting, which was tested with success inside a Roman hypogean site to prevent the formation of phototrophic biofilms (Albertano andBruno 2003, Albertano et al 2005). Although successful in eradicating biofilms, the blue lighting did also affect the experience of visitors (Albertano et al 2004;Sanchez-Moral et al 2005;Bruno and Valle 2017) and was not effective against bacteria (Urzì et al 2014). A more recent non-invasive and safe technology involves the use of low concentration essential oils for treating stone monument surfaces affected by biofilms (Stupar et al 2014;Bruno et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biodeterioration of Roman hypogea: the case study of the Catacombs of SS. Marcellino and Pietro (Rome, Italy)

et al. 2019

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No information exists on phototrophs growing on the stone surfaces of the Catacombs of SS. Marcellino and Pietro (the site was only recently opened to the public in 2014). Therefore, it was decided to characterise the microbial communities and to compare them with those of the other previously studied catacombs. Moreover, a new non-invasive strategy to reduce the phototrophic growth was tested. Phototrophic microorganisms were investigated under light and confocal laser scanning microscopes from samples collected non-invasively in situ. Tests were carried out to determine the effect of the application of two essential oils (from L. angustifolia and T. vulgaris) on biofilm photosynthetic activity. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and reflectance measurements in the visible range have been used to evaluate respectively, any chemical modification and discolouration on a frescoed stone that may occur after the application of the essential oils. At all the concentrations of essential oils, there was a quasi-immediate, large reduction in photosynthetic activity of the biofilms. At 10% essential oil concentration, there was no detectable photosynthetic activity after 15 min. At 1%, there was a need for two applications and after 5-day activity was undetectable. No effect of the essential oils on the substrate surface properties or colour modification of the fresco has been observed with the LIF prototype. Cyanobacterial typical of Roman catacombs were present in the sites investigated. Innovative and non-destructive strategies, involving the application of a combination of two essential oils, have been successfully tested and developed to prevent biodeterioration of these sites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodeterioration of Roman hypogea: the case study of the Catacombs of SS. Marcellino and Pietro (Rome, Italy)

et al. 2019

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“…Monochromatic visible light [10] is a very safe, useful, and simple method to reduce or prevent the growth of photosynthetic microflora. The most used wavelengths are blue (λ 470-490 nm), green (λ 500-530 nm), and red (λ 680-700 nm) ( Figure 4).…”

Section: Physical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present and Future Perspectives for Biocides and Antifouling Products for Stone-Built Cultural Heritage: Ionic Liquids as a Challenging Alternative

2020

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This review offers an overview of the most recent research activities on counteracting the biodeterioration process of stone monuments, underlining all those aspects regarding eventual procedural drawbacks and compliance with sustainable criteria. For this purpose, the definition of “green conservation of cultural heritage” has been proposed. Its basics have been utilized in the text to highlight the issues arising from the most common conservative procedures as well as guidelines for the development of innovative technologies. The review then deals with the most innovative antimicrobial approaches, among which nano- and bio-technologies play a main role. Ionic liquids are a special class of salts, which can be prepared by applying Safe by Design concepts, to meet the Green Conservation criteria.

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“…Once the biofilms are formed, heterotrophic biodeteriogen, such as actinobacteria and fungi, can colonise the surface by exploiting the metabolites and biomass that are produced by cyanobacteria [20,21]. Bruno et al [22] employed an LED lighting system to limit the growth of biofilm by inhibiting photosynthetic activity. Natural ventilation of the site should be favoured in order to reduce spore concentration in the air as well as the moisture evaporation from walls.…”

Section: Yearmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Study of the Microclimate-Induced Conservation Risks in Hypogeal Sites: The Mithraeum of the Baths of Caracalla (Rome)

Frasca

Verticchio

Caratelli³

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The peculiar microclimate inside cultural hypogeal sites needs to be carefully investigated. This study presents a methodology that aimed at providing a user-friendly assessment of the frequently occurring hazards in such sites. A Risk Index was specifically defined as the percentage of time for which the hygrothermal values lie in ranges that are considered to be hazardous for conservation. An environmental monitoring campaign that was conducted over the past ten years inside the Mithraeum of the Baths of Caracalla (Rome) allowed for us to study the deterioration before and after a maintenance intervention. The general microclimate assessment and the specific conservation risk assessment were both carried out. The former made it possible to investigate the influence of the outdoor weather conditions on the indoor climate and estimate condensation and evaporation responsible for salts crystallisation/dissolution and bio-colonisation. The latter took hygrothermal conditions that were close to wall surfaces to analyse the data distribution on diagrams with critical curves of deliquescence salts, mould germination, and growth. The intervention mitigated the risk of efflorescence thanks to reduced evaporation, while promoting the risk of bioproliferation due to increased condensation. The Risk Index provided a quantitative measure of the individual risks and their synergism towards a more comprehensive understanding of the microclimate-induced risks.

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Effect of white and monochromatic lights on cyanobacteria and biofilms from Roman Catacombs

Cited by 32 publications

References 32 publications

Biodeterioration of Roman hypogea: the case study of the Catacombs of SS. Marcellino and Pietro (Rome, Italy)

Biodeterioration of Roman hypogea: the case study of the Catacombs of SS. Marcellino and Pietro (Rome, Italy)

Present and Future Perspectives for Biocides and Antifouling Products for Stone-Built Cultural Heritage: Ionic Liquids as a Challenging Alternative

A Comprehensive Study of the Microclimate-Induced Conservation Risks in Hypogeal Sites: The Mithraeum of the Baths of Caracalla (Rome)

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