Effect of wild mustard (Brassica kaber) competition on yield and quality of triazine-tolerant and triazine-susceptible canola (Brassica napus and Brassica rapa)

McMullan, Patrick M.; Daun, J. K.; DeClercq, D. R.

doi:10.4141/cjps94-071

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Infestation of the weedy species in rapeseed fields causes heavy loss of the seed yield and reduction of the extracted oil and meal (Rose and Bell 1982;McMullan et al 1994). The requirements for more-economic and successful weed control in a rapeseed field and the advance of transformation technology have brought the transgenic B. napus to be tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium (Oelck et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destiny of a transgene escape from Brassica napus into Brassica rapa

Kato

Kakihara

2002

Theor Appl Genet

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Transgenic Brassica napus can be easily crossed with wild Brassica rapa. The spread of the transgene to wild species has aroused the general concern about its effect on ecological and agricultural systems. This paper was designated, by means of population genetics, to study the fate of a transgene escape from B. napus to B. rapa. Three models were proposed to survey the change in gene frequency during successive backcross processes by considering selection pressures against aneuploids, against herbicide-susceptible individuals, and by considering A-C intergenomic recombination and the effect of genetic drift. The transmission rate of an A-chromosome gene through an individual to the next generation was 50%, irrespective of the chromosome number; while that of a C-chromosome transgene varied from 8.7% to 39.9%, depending on the chromosome number of the individual used in the backcross. Without spraying herbicide, the frequency of an A-chromosome gene was 50% in the BC(1) generation, and decreased by 50% with the advance of each backcross generation; that of a C-chromosome gene was around 39.9% in BC(1), 7.7% in BC(2), 1.2% in BC(3) and 0.1% in the BC(4) generation. Under the selection pressure against herbicide-susceptible individuals, the frequency of a transgene reached a stable value of about 5.5% within six generations of successive backcrossings. The effect of genetic drift and intergenomic exchange on gene transmission rate was discussed. It is suggested that the transgene integrated on a C-chromosome (or better on a cytoplasm genome) is safer than that on an A-chromosome. The transgenic cultivars should be cultivated rotationally by year(s) with other non-transgenic varieties in order to reduce the transfer of the transgene to wild B. rapa species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destiny of a transgene escape from Brassica napus into Brassica rapa

Kato

Kakihara

2002

Theor Appl Genet

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“…Rapid leaf area production and greater initial height conferred on wild mustard the greatest competitive ability for light. S. arvensis densities of 10 plants m -2 can reduce canola seed yield by 20%, whereas 20 plants m -2 can reduce canola yield by more than 36% (Thomas 1984;Blackshaw et al 1987;McMullan et al 1994). McMullan et al (1994) found that wild mustard competition decreased harvested seed yield and quality of triazine-resistant and -susceptible canola (B. napus and B. rapa) in Manitoba.…”

Section: Economic Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. arvensis densities of 10 plants m -2 can reduce canola seed yield by 20%, whereas 20 plants m -2 can reduce canola yield by more than 36% (Thomas 1984;Blackshaw et al 1987;McMullan et al 1994). McMullan et al (1994) found that wild mustard competition decreased harvested seed yield and quality of triazine-resistant and -susceptible canola (B. napus and B. rapa) in Manitoba. Van Acker and Oree (1999) conducted crop interference studies of wild mustard and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in canola (B. napus) in Manitoba.…”

Section: Economic Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of Canadian weeds. 8. Sinapis arvensis. L. (updated)

Warwick¹,

Beckie²,

Thomas³

et al. 2000

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. An updated review of biological information is provided for Sinapis arvensis L. Native to the Old World, the species is widely introduced and naturalized in temperate regions around the world. The species occurs in all the provinces, the Northwest Territories, and the Yukon. It is an important weed of field crops in the Canadian prairies. A strongly persistent seedbank, competitive annual growth habit and high fecundity all contribute to its weedy nature and ensure that it will be a continuing problem. Several cases of herbicide resistance have been documented for natural populations of S. arvensis in Canada, including biotypes resistant to: i) Group 2 herbicides, which inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS), from Manitoba in 1992 and Alberta in 1993; ii) Group 4 herbicides or synthetic auxins from Manitoba in 1991; and iii) Group 5 herbicides, which inhibit photosynthesis at photosystem II, from Ontario in 1983. The species is a close relative of Brassica nigra (L.) Koch, black mustard, and is capable of limited genetic exchange with the Brassica crop species under laboratory hybridization conditions either by conventional crossing or with the aid of ovary/embryo recovery techniques.

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“…Weed contamination of oilseed rape crops may negatively impact the oil content of the crop by reducing oilseed rape yield through competition for resources (McMullan et al, 1994;Blackshaw et al, 2002;Beckie et al, 2008). A survey of oilseed rape crops in Australia found that weed incidence ranged from 49 weeds m À2 in triazine tolerant crops to 72 weeds m À2 in nontriazine tolerant cultivars (Lemerle et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies in other countries on a limited number of weedy Brassicaceae species indicate the Brassicaceae weeds are high in antinutritional compounds both in the oil and meal (Hasapis et al, 1981;Horn & Vaughan, 1983). The Brassicaceae weed seeds may directly reduce oil content if they are not separated from the oilseed rape seed (McMullan et al, 1994). In addition, if oilseed rape seed lot admixtures with Brassicaceae weeds are not sufficiently cleaned prior to crushing, the resulting oil content and oil and meal quality could be reduced, particularly if the oil and meal characteristics of the weeds differ from the accepted oilseed rape quality standard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential impact of weedy Brassicaceae species on oil and meal quality of oilseed rape (canola) in Australia

Salisbury

Potter²,

Gurung

et al. 2018

Weed Research

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Summary Brassicaceae weeds are a widespread problem in Australian oilseed rape crops. The weeds not only compete for resources during crop growth, but also have the potential to reduce both oil and meal quality of the harvested crop. This study investigated oil and meal quality of weedy species from the Brassicaceae family that were collected throughout cropping regions of Australia. Eighty‐nine lines from 19 species were grown and evaluated in the same environment for their potential to contaminate Australian oilseed rape seed lots. Seed and flowering characteristics of each species were also examined. The glucosinolate concentration of most of the weedy species was greater than 100 μmol g−1 of oil‐free meal, well above the threshold for meeting oilseed rape quality. Erucic acid content of 18 of the 19 weedy species also exceeded the oilseed rape quality standard of less than 2% erucic acid. This study highlights the potential of the weedy species to reduce the quality of Australian oilseed rape crops.

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Effect of wild mustard (Brassica kaber) competition on yield and quality of triazine-tolerant and triazine-susceptible canola (Brassica napus and Brassica rapa)

Cited by 27 publications

References 2 publications

Destiny of a transgene escape from Brassica napus into Brassica rapa

Destiny of a transgene escape from Brassica napus into Brassica rapa

The biology of Canadian weeds. 8. Sinapis arvensis. L. (updated)

Potential impact of weedy Brassicaceae species on oil and meal quality of oilseed rape (canola) in Australia

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