Effect of yeast-derived products on systemic innate immune response of broiler chickens following a lipopolysaccharide challenge

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of yeast-derived products on growth performance, serum antibody levels, and mRNA gene expression of pattern-recognition receptors, and cytokines in broiler chickens. Two hundred and sixteen one-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross-308) were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments with six replicates (cage) of 6 birds per cage. Dietary treatments consisted of a Control diet without antibiotics (C), and diets containing 11 mg/kg of "virginiamycin", 0.25% of yeast cell wall (YCW), 0.2% of a commercial product "Maxi-Gen Plus" containing processed yeast and nucleotides, 0.05% of nucleotides, or a diet containing 8% of distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS). On d 21 post-hatch blood samples were collected from 6 birds per treatment and serum sample were analyzed for antibody levels. After blood sampling, birds were injected intraperitoneally with 3 mg/kg of BW of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The unchallenged group was fed the Control diet and injected with saline solution. Spleen samples were collected to measure the gene expression of toll-like receptors (TLR)2b, TLR4, and TLR21, macrophage mannose receptor (MMR), and cytokines including interleukin (IL)-12, IL-10, IL-4, IL-6, IL-18, and interferon (IFN)-γ. No significant difference in body weight gain, feed intake, and FCR were observed among treatments. Regarding humoral immunity, the diet supplemented with YCW increased serum immunoglobulin (Ig)A level compared with the antibiotic group; however, serum concentrations of IgG and IgM were not affected by dietary treatments. Relative gene expression of TLR2 and TLR4 was not affected by dietary treatments, whereas the expression of TLR21 and MRR was upregulated in diets containing YCW and DDGS. The diet supplemented with YCW increased the expression of all cytokines, and expression of IFN-γ was upregulated in the DDGS group. However, no significant difference was observed for cytokine gene expression in the antibiotic and nucleotide diets. In conclusion, supplementation of diet with YCW stimulated the systemic innate immune responses of broiler chickens following challenge with LPS.

Effects of Yeast Addition to the Diet of Japanese Quails on Growth Performance, Selected Serum Parameters and Intestinal Morphology as well as Pathogens Reduction

“…To our knowledge, the present study demonstrates for the first time that yeast supplementation could decrease the concentrations of serum IL-1β, and TNF-α in Japanese quails. This could suggest that on the absence of an immune challenge or infectious pathogens, Japanese quails supplemented with yeast may not exhibit inflammatory responses as also was stated by Alizadeh et al (2016).…”

“…Saccharomyces cerevisiae contain substantial levels of digestible proteins, vitamins, magnesium, zinc and its wall have many characteristics such as polysaccharides α-D-mannan, chitin and β-D-glucan RESEARCH ARTICLE (Elghandour et al, 2019) which play an important role in microbial balance in intestine towards beneficial organisms. Furthermore, proliferation of tissues in intestine and lymphocytes with a rapid cell turnover depend mostly on dietary nucleotides where de novo synthesis of nucleotides cannot meet their demand (Alizadeh et al, 2016).…”

THE Saccharomyces sp. AND Bacillus subtilis BASED PROBIOTICS INFLUENCE ON CHICKEN BROILER PRODUCTIVITY AND CAECUM MICROBIOME COMMUNITY

“…The studies also confirm positive effect of probiotic microorganisms on immunity in poultry [16][17][18]. For example, ability of two strains, Saccharomyces boulardii and B. subtilis, to activate the immunity due to interaction with toll-like receptors (TLR) of poultry cells has been demonstrated recently [18][19][20].…”

Utility of Feed Enzymes and Yeast Derivatives in Ameliorating Deleterious Effects of Coccidiosis on Intestinal Health and Function in Broiler Chickens

“…These conditions are commensurate to gastrointestinal damage occasioned by Eimeria infection (9). Evaluations of nucleotide rich yeast extracts on growth, feed efficiency and intestinal development and health has been reported in broiler chickens (86,87,135,136). However, there are limited studies assessing the effects of dietary nucleotide supplementation on development of immune organs in broilers challenged with Eimeria.…”

“…However, birds fed YCW showed 21.4 and 18.1% lower mortality compared with negative and positive control, respectively. Yeast cell wall products can serve as microbe-associated molecular patterns and modulate the expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRS) (136,146). Indeed, supplemental YCW showed commensurate growth performance and livability responses to zinc bacitracin and Salinomycin in a Eimeria and C. perfringens co-infection model (147).…”