Effective Diagnosis of Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Serotypes O and A Based on Optical and Electrochemical Dual-Modal Detection

Abstract

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals. The traditional diagnostic methods for FMDV have several drawbacks such as cross-reactivity, low sensitivity, and low selectivity. To overcome these drawbacks, we present an optical and electrochemical dual-modal approach for the specific detection of FMDV serotypes O and A by utilizing a magnetic nanoparticle labeling technique with resorufin β-d-glucopyranoside (res-β-glc) and β-glucosidase (β-glc), without the use of typical lateral flow assay or polymerase chain reaction. FMDV serotypes O and A were reacted with pan-FMDV antibodies that recognize all seven FMDV serotypes (O, A, C, Asia 1, SAT 1, SAT 2, and SAT 3). The antigen–antibody complex was then immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles and reacted with β-glc-conjugated FMDV type O or type A antibodies. Subsequently, the addition of res-β-glc resulted in the release of fluorescent resorufin and glucose owing to catalytic hydrolysis by β-glc. The detection limit of fluorescent signals using a fluorescence spectrophotometer was estimated to be log(6.7) and log(5.9) copies/mL for FMDV type O and A, respectively, while that of electrochemical signals using a glucometer was estimated to be log(6.9) and log(6.1) copies/mL for FMDV type O and A, respectively. Compared with a commercially available lateral flow assay diagnostic kit for immunochromatographic detection of FMDV type O and A, this dual-modal detection platform offers approximately four-fold greater sensitivity. This highly sensitive and accurate dual-modal detection method can be used for effective disease diagnosis and treatment, and will find application in the early-stage diagnosis of viral diseases and next-generation diagnostic platforms.

Advances in the Application of Electrospun Drug-Loaded Nanofibers in the Treatment of Oral Ulcers

“…The application potential includes topical delivery of drugs for breaks or ulcers in the gastrointestinal tract, urethra, vagina, etc., although there are still many challenges to be solved for the application of nanofibers prepared by electrospinning in oral ulcers. However, electrospinning technology has a broad future in the preparation of adherent patches for topical drug delivery and for expanding the applications of biomolecules [ 176 , 177 , 178 , 179 ].…”

Dual-Modal Immunosensor Made with the Multifunction Nanobody for Fluorescent/Colorimetric Sensitive Detection of Aflatoxin B1 in Maize

“…With the rapid development of immune and nanosensing technology, lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA) based on the dual-modal sensing technology such as colorimetric/fluorimetric-LFIA, 9 magnetic/fluorescent-LFIA, 10 and optical and electrochemical-LFIA have been established. 8 However, in some cases, the synthesis of nanomaterials as a tracer can be time-consuming, laborious, and expensive; these are not limited to labeling procedures and may produce inactive and low-affinity antibodies. ies (monoclonal, polyclonal, and nanobody) are the essential recognition elements that decide the sensitivity and accuracy of the detection method.…”

“…Dual-modal sensing technology qualitatively and quantitatively performs samples through the combination of two output signals, which can not only combine the advantages of the two signals to make the detection method more flexible but also mutually verify and improve the reliability of the detection results. Dual-modal sensors offer a variety of signal combinations, such as colorimetric/fluorimetric, colorimetric/temperature signals, fluorescence/surface-enhanced Raman scattering and optical/electrochemical, , etc. With the rapid development of immune and nanosensing technology, lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA) based on the dual-modal sensing technology such as colorimetric/fluorimetric-LFIA, magnetic/fluorescent-LFIA, and optical and electrochemical-LFIA have been established .…”

“…Dual-modal sensors offer a variety of signal combinations, such as colorimetric/fluorimetric, colorimetric/temperature signals, fluorescence/surface-enhanced Raman scattering and optical/electrochemical, , etc. With the rapid development of immune and nanosensing technology, lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA) based on the dual-modal sensing technology such as colorimetric/fluorimetric-LFIA, magnetic/fluorescent-LFIA, and optical and electrochemical-LFIA have been established . However, in some cases, the synthesis of nanomaterials as a tracer can be time-consuming, laborious, and expensive; these are not limited to labeling procedures and may produce inactive and low-affinity antibodies.…”

The Key Elements for Biomolecules to Biomaterials and to Bioapplications

“…Here, Hwang et al reported a new type of biomolecule-based composites containing magnetic nanoparticle, resorufin β- d -glucopyranoside and β-glucosidase. Compared with the commercial lateral flow assay diagnostic kit, their products exhibited four-fold sensitive and more accurate, could provide an optical and electrochemical dual-modal detection on the Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes O and A [ 19 ]. In general, based on the combinations of biomolecules and modern technologies, there should be more and more possibilities for amplifying all kinds of biomedical applications, particularly drug delivery [ 20 ] and tissue engineering [ 21 ].…”