Effective Removal of Crystal Violet Dye Using Neoteric Magnetic Nanostructures Based on Functionalized Poly(Benzofuran-co-Arylacetic Acid): Investigation of the Adsorption Behaviour and Reusability

Abstract

Synthetic dyes represent a significant class of contaminants released in the environment. Crystal violet is a triarylmethane dye used in several fields such as printing inks, the textile or paper industries, as well as in cell histology. Coating magnetic nanoparticles with functionalized polymers has been proved to improve their efficiency, offering unique properties for applications in wastewater treatment. The current paper focuses on preparing and characterising magnetic core-shell nanoparticles coated with poly(benzofuran-co-arylacetic acid) functionalized with folic acid as an organic shell. The new polymer-based magnetic nanostructures were applied for crystal violet extraction from aqueous solutions. The nanostructures were structurally and morphologically investigated by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). While thermal and magnetic properties of the magnetic nanostructures were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and magnetization measurements (VSM)). At the same time, crystal violet concentrations were determined by UV-VIS spectroscopy. The influence of initial dye concentration and contact time on the removal efficiency has been studied to achieve the optimum adsorption conditions. The dye adsorbent neoteric magnetic nanostructure was easily desorbed and reused, the adsorption capacity decreasing from 100% to 97.63% in the first five cycles, reaching a minimum of 88.74% after the 10th recycle.

Liquid–liquid phase reaction between crystal violet and sodium hydroxide: kinetic study and precipitate analysis

“…These challenges are compounded by the fact that CV remains in the environment for long periods of time, and traditional methods (e.g. filtration, precipitation, adsorption and electrodialysis) for removing pollutants cannot be applied to CV due to its synthetic nature [ 7 ]. Not only does CV have the potential to contaminate the environment (e.g.…”

In Vivo Distribution of Poly(ethylene glycol) Functionalized Iron Oxide Nanoclusters: An Ultrastructural Study

“…In this study, we used superparamagnetic magnetite clusters (SPION-PEG clusters), obtained by methods that have proven their superparamagnetic capacities and potential biomedical applications [41,51,52] for in vivo biodistribution and clearance. A summary of the findings can be consulted in Table 1.…”

Adsorptive Remediation of Hazardous Crystal Violet Dye using Ni1‐xZnxFe2O4 Magnetic Nanocomposites

“…Because Fe 2 + and Ni 3 + ions have a clear preference for inhabiting octahedral (B) sites, electron exchange between Fe 2 + and Fe 3 + ions, as well as hole transfer between Ni 3 + and Ni 2 + ions, is anticipated to be the conduction mechanism. [47] The activation energies ΔE a calculated from the slope of the linear plot presented in Figure ( 4) are given in Table ( 2).…”

“…Dyes are now utilized widely in several applications, including plastics, paper, textiles, cosmetics, food, pharmaceutics, etc.. [1] More than 150,000 tons of residual dyes are emitted every year without pre-treatment as industrial waste throughout the world. [2] The rapid expansion of various dyeing industries around the world has wastewater discharge which brings environmental problems. [3,4] In order to treat these waste fluids, several physical, biological, and chemical therapies have been applied, including flocculation, filtration, electrodialysis, oxidation and biosorption.…”

“… [1] . More than 150,000 tons of residual dyes are emitted every year without pre‐treatment as industrial waste throughout the world [2] . The rapid expansion of various dyeing industries around the world has wastewater discharge which brings environmental problems [3,4] .…”