Effectiveness of hand foot mouth disease prevention and control measures between high and low epidemic areas, Northern Thailand

Sittisarn, Siriyaporn; Wongnuch, Pilasinee; Laor, Pussadee; Inta, Chadaporn; Apidechkul, Tawatchai

doi:10.1108/jhr-05-2018-023

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…As a result, HFMD outbreaks could increase due to irregular hand washing among children in the DCCs. Several studies [34][35][36] have reported that hand washing is a major behavior performed by children that can be used to predict HFMD epidemics in DCCs, with children who are less engaged in hand washing being associated with more HFMD cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of environmental factors and high HFMD occurrence in northern Thailand

et al. 2020

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Background The major population vulnerable to hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is children aged less than 5 years, particularly those who are cared for at day care centers (DCCs). This study aimed to assess the associations of environmental and sanitation factors with high HFMD occurrence rates in DCCs of northern Thailand. Methods A case-control study was used to gather information from caregivers and local government administrative officers. DCCs in areas with high and low HFMD occurrence rates were the settings for this study. A validated questionnaire was used to collect environmental and sanitation information from the DCCs. In-depth interviews were used to collect information from selected participants who were working at DCCs and from local government administrative officers on the HFMD capacity and prevention and control strategies in DCCs. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associations between many environmental factors and HFMD at the α = 0.05 significance level while the content analysis was used to extract information from the interviews. Results Two variables were found to be associated with a high rate of HFMD occurrence: the number of sinks available in restrooms and the DCC size. Children attending DCCs that did not meet the standard in terms of the number of sinks in restrooms had a greater chance of contracting HFMD than children who were attending DCCs that met the standard (AOR = 4.21; 95% CI = 1.13–15.04). Children who were attending a large-sized DCC had a greater chance of contracting HFMD than those attending a small-sized DCC (AOR = 3.28; 95% CI = 1.21–5.18). The yearly budget allocation and the strategies for HFMD control and prevention, including collaborations among stakeholders for HFMD control and prevention in DCCs, were associated with the effectiveness of HFMD control and prevention. Conclusions The number of sinks in restrooms and DCC size are major concerns for HFMD outbreaks. Sufficient budget allocation and good collaboration contribute to effective strategies for preventing and controlling HFMD in DCCs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of environmental factors and high HFMD occurrence in northern Thailand

et al. 2020

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“…HFMD or Singapore flu has frequently been endemic among children in the South East Asia region, 1 including Banjarmasin, Indonesia. A previous study estimated that in the city between 2014 and 2017 the prevalence of infectious diseases affecting the oral mucosal was 10.07% 2 , one form of viral infection being HFMD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The different symptoms determining management of hand foot and mouth disease and primary varicella zoster infection

Apriasari

2019

Dent. J.

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Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a medical condition endemic among children in South-East Asia, including Indonesia and, more specifically, Banjarmasin – the capital of South Sulawesi. The disease is mediated by Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus 16 which attack the oral cavity, hands, feet, buttocks and genital areas. One differential diagnosis of this disease is Primary Varicella Zoster infection. Both diseases have similar clinical symptoms but different etiologies which can precipitate errors in the administration of therapy Purpose: To elucidate the distinction between HFMD and Primary varicella zoster infection. Case: An 8 year-old male sought treatment complaining of ulcers on the upper maxillary gingiva followed by the appearance of itchy and painful lesions affecting the nose, upper lip, hands and feet. The patient’s mother reported his history of 39oC fever followed by the development of red spots and ulcers on the face, hands and feet which caused itching. Clinically, it is similar to Primary varicella zoster infection which can affect any part of the body. The patient only used an immunomodulator once a day and was actively seeking available healthcare. Case management: Extraoral examination confirmed the presence of multiple erythematous vesicles and ulcers, 2 mm in diameter, which caused a sensation of itching around the nose and upper lip region. Multiple painful and itchy red macules and vesicles, 3-6 mm in diameter, appeared not only on the patient’s palms, back of the hands and feet. Intraoral examination of the right maxillary gingiva revealed multiple painful ulcers, 1-2 mm in diameter and yellowish in appearance, surrounded by erythema. The results of history-taking implied that no lesions appeared on other parts of the body. Conclusion: While these conditions share similar clinical manifestations, their contrasting etiologies require different treatments. The ultimate diagnosis can be determined clinically by the dentist, thereby preventing errors in the administration of therapy.

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School closure, COVID‐19 and lunch programme: Unprecedented undernutrition crisis in low‐middle income countries

Mayurasakorn

Pinsawas

Mongkolsucharitkul

et al. 2020

J Paediatrics Child Health

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The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has affected nearly 70% of children and teenagers around the world due to school closure policies. School closure is implemented widely in order to prevent viral transmission and its impact on the broader community, based on preliminary recommendations and evidence from influenza. However, there is debate with regard to the effectiveness of school closures. Growing evidence suggests that a child's SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is often mild or asymptomatic and that children may not be major SARS‐CoV‐2 transmitters; thus, it is questionable if school closures prevent transmission significantly. This question is important as a majority of children in low‐ and middle‐income countries depend on free school meals; unexpected long‐term school closure may adversely impact nutrition and educational outcomes. Food insecurity is expected to be higher during the pandemic. In this viewpoint, we argue for a more thorough exploration of potential adverse impacts of school closures in low‐ and middle‐income countries and recommend actions to ensure that the health and learning needs of vulnerable populations are met in this time of crisis.

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Effectiveness of hand foot mouth disease prevention and control measures between high and low epidemic areas, Northern Thailand

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Association of environmental factors and high HFMD occurrence in northern Thailand

Association of environmental factors and high HFMD occurrence in northern Thailand

The different symptoms determining management of hand foot and mouth disease and primary varicella zoster infection

School closure, COVID‐19 and lunch programme: Unprecedented undernutrition crisis in low‐middle income countries

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