Effectiveness of Time Diversity to Obtain EMI-Diverse Redundant Systems

Abstract

In this paper, the effectiveness of applying an extra time delay to the data transmitted over redundant channels to cope with harsh electromagnetic interference is studied. The redundant system is compared with and without extra time delay and compared with a non-redundant system, which is the reference situation. The geometries under study are disturbed by strong incident fields, which represent reverberation room conditions. These conditions refer to the planewave integral representation, where multiple planewaves with random angles, polarisations and phases are combined and normalised, to create a reverberation room like environment. A reciprocity based technique is used to efficiently calculate the induced voltages and the resulting bit error rate for the different situations. Because of the properties of the geometries that are under test and the introduction of a time-delay in the transmitted datastream, the moment the induced voltage due to EMI is sampled is different, which causes an EMI-diverse system. The results show that using time-diverse signals optimized for the main disturbance frequency to be expected, is a very effective way of creating EMI-diverse behaviour. In a majority voting (2oo3) system it is possible to eliminate all triple occuring faults. Even for higher field strengths and different EMI frequencies, the time diversity method performs well (better than other EMI-diverse techniques).

Resilience of Error Correction Codes Against Harsh Electromagnetic Disturbances: Fault Mechanisms

“…To assist the reader in his/her understanding of the remainder of this paper, we repeat Section II of [4]. Moreover, Section II-A is a repetition from Section III of [5] where the induced voltage calculation is elaborated.…”

Resilience of Error Correction Codes Against Harsh Electromagnetic Disturbances: Fault Elimination for Triplication-Based Error Correction Codes

“…In addition, this paper considers the harsh EMI-environment to be a reverberating environment, because of its similarities with the real world, comprising a lot of reflections [5]. These conditions are created by using the plane wave integral representation for reverberation chambers as presented in [8].…”

“…EXPERIMENTAL SETUP To assist the reader in his/her understanding of the remainder of this paper, we repeat Section II of [4]. Moreover, Section II-A is a repetition from Section III of [5] where the induced voltage calculation is elaborated. Fig.…”

“…1 gives a conceptual overview of the experimental setup that will be considered in the remainder of this paper. This setup was previously used in [5] and [6]. The Device Under Test (DUT) comprises a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) with a single 50 Ω micro-strip.…”

Effectiveness of a Matched Filter to Cope With Harsh Phase and Amplitude Modulated EMI

“…This can be achieved by using Error Detection Codes (EDCs) and Error Correction Codes (ECCs) and is already used to create EMI Resilience [9], [10]. The hardware based techniques consist of methods to improve the performance of communication systems by introducing inversion [11], spatial [12], [13] and time [14] diversity. Another method to improve the communication is by adding a matched filter to a communication system [15].…”