“…Additionally, ACR has carcinogenic potential (Dearfield et al, 1988;IARC, 1994), and exerts adverse effects on male reproduction, including dominant lethality, degeneration of testicular epithelial tissue, and impaired fertilization (Sakamoto et al, 1988;Adler et al, 2000;Tyl and Friedman, 2003). It has been demonstrated that reproductive toxicity is not only induced by ACR, but also by glycidamide (GA), an oxidized metabolite of ACR generated by CYP2E1, which exerts clastogenic effects on spermatids (Adler et al, 2000;Costa Correspondence: Makoto Shibutani (E-mail: shibutan@nihs.go.jp) et al, 1992;Ghanayem et al, 2005).…”