Effects of acute dehydration on brain morphology in healthy humans

Kempton, Matthew J.; Ettinger, Ulrich; Schmechtig, Anne; Winter, Edward; Smith, Luke; McMorris, Terry; Wilkinson, Iain D.; Williams, Steven; Smith, Miles H.

doi:10.1002/hbm.20500

Cited by 100 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…¼ 0.21) after rapid rehydration. Kempton et al 18 observed a significant increase in ventricular volume following dehydration via a thermal exercise protocol in two studies of seven 18 and ten 19 healthy subjects. The change in hydration status can potentially also affect the size of the spinal cord which, similar to the brain, also has high water content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…15,16 In particular, hydration status can affect brain morphology as observed on MRI in previous studies. [16][17][18][19][20] Duning et al 16 reported that a cohort of 20 healthy volunteers showed a significant decrease in brain volume of 0.55% (s.d. ¼ 0.69) after dehydration by restricted fluid intake for 16 h and an increase of 0.72% (s.d.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dehydration affects spinal cord cross-sectional area measurement on MRI in healthy subjects

et al. 2014

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Study design: This was a prospective cohort observational study. Objective: To determine the effect of dehydration and rehydration on spinal cord cross-sectional area (CSA) measurement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Setting: MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Canada. Methods: Ten healthy subjects (aged 21-32 years) were scanned on a 3T MRI scanner at four time points: (1) baseline, (2) rescan after 1 h, (3) the next day after fasting for a minimum of 14 h and (4) after rehydration with 1.5 l of water over the course of 1 h. Two independent, established semi-automatic CSA measurement techniques (one based on two-dimensional (2D) edge detection, the other on three-dimensional (3D) surface fitting) were applied to a 3D T1-weighted scan of each subject at each time point, with the operator blinded to scan order. The percentage change in CSA from baseline to each subsequent time point was calculated. One-tailed paired t-tests were used to assess the significance of the changes from baseline. Results: A decrease in CSA following dehydration was detected by both measurement methods, with a mean change of À0.654% INTRODUCTIONMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used to measure spinal cord atrophy in studies of neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). 1,2 Atrophy of the spinal cord, in particular the cervical cord, 3 is believed to contribute to physical disability in MS. 2,4 Significant correlations between the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the cord and physical disability in MS patients have been found in previous cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. 5-7 However, there have been contradictory findings in patients with the relapsing remitting form of MS (RRMS), which typically precedes a more progressive form. A number of studies have found that cord CSA is not reduced in RRMS patients 8,9 and could be used to distinguish progressive MS from RRMS patients, 8 whereas others have shown that cord atrophy is detectable in RRMS patients. 10 The inconsistent findings of cord involvement in RRMS may be because of many reasons. The average CSA of a normal adult cervical cord is B80 mm 2 . Most current MRI studies of the cord use a spatial resolution of B1 mm 2 in each plane, which is B1% of the cord CSA. As atrophy is a slow process, with an annual atrophy rate of about À1.6% observed in secondary progressive MS patients, 11 a resolution of 1 mm 2 can be considered coarse, and a high methodological sensitivity is essential to accurately estimate the true rate of change on current MRI data. A number of reproducible image analysis methods

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dehydration affects spinal cord cross-sectional area measurement on MRI in healthy subjects

et al. 2014

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“…A session of physical activity without drinking water can cause significant changes in brain morphometry in healthy subjects 28 . Automated longitudinal voxelwise analysis methods such as SIENA are sensitive to expansion of ventricles, depending on liquid distribution in the CNS…”

Section: Hydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical analysis on the present methods for brain volume measurements in multiple sclerosis

Fragoso

Willie

Gonçalves

et al. 2017

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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Objective The treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) has quickly evolved from a time when controlling clinical relapses would suffice, to the present day, when complete disease control is expected. Measurement of brain volume is still at an early stage to be indicative of therapeutic decisions in MS. Methods This paper provides a critical review of potential biases and artifacts in brain measurement in the follow-up of patients with MS. Results Clinical conditions (such as hydration or ovulation), time of the day, type of magnetic resonance machine (manufacturer and potency), brain volume artifacts and different platforms for volumetric assessment of the brain can induce variations that exceed the acceptable physiological rate of annual loss of brain volume. Conclusion Although potentially extremely valuable, brain volume measurement still has to be regarded with caution in MS.

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“…Resonance Imaging (MRI) to determine the effects on brain volume of dehydration induced by exercise under conditions of restricted heat loss (5,10) and during a 16 hour period of fluid restriction (7). Interestingly, while changes in brain volume were reported following fluid-restriction protocols, no change was observed following exercise-induced dehydration.…”

Section: Paragraph 2 At Present There Are Limited Data On the Effect mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Exercise and Heat-Induced Hypohydration on Brain Volume

Watson

Head

Pitiot

et al. 2010

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Purpose: The aim of the present study was to quantify changes in brain volume following exercise/heat-induced hypohydration in man. Methods: Eight active men completed intermittent exercise in a warm environment, until 2.9 ± 0.1 % of body mass was lost. Subjects remained hypohydrated for two hours following the end of exercise. Brain volume was measured before, immediately following, and 1h and 2h after exercise using MRI (Philips 3T Achieva). Measures of subjective feelings and core body temperature were also monitored. Blood samples were drawn to determine serum electrolyte concentrations and osmolality and to allow calculation of changes in blood and plasma volumes. Results: Brain volume was not influenced by hypohydration (0.2 ± 0.4 %; ES 0.2; P = 0.310). Reductions in ventricular (4.0 ± 1.8 %; ES 4.6; P < 0.001) and CSF (3.1 ± 1.9%; ES 3.3; P = 0.003) volumes were observed following exercise. Compared with pre-exercise levels, serum osmolality was elevated throughout the 2h post-exercise period (+10 ± 2 mosmol/kg; P < 0.001).Core temperature increased from 37.1 ± 0.3 o C at rest to 39.3 ± 0.5 o C at the end of exercise (P = 0.001). Conclusions: These data demonstrate that brain volume remains unchanged in response to moderate hypohydration and the presence of serum hyperosmolality, suggesting that mechanisms are in place to defend brain volume.

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Effects of acute dehydration on brain morphology in healthy humans

Cited by 100 publications

References 39 publications

Dehydration affects spinal cord cross-sectional area measurement on MRI in healthy subjects

Dehydration affects spinal cord cross-sectional area measurement on MRI in healthy subjects

Critical analysis on the present methods for brain volume measurements in multiple sclerosis

Effect of Exercise and Heat-Induced Hypohydration on Brain Volume

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