Effects of Addition of Fiber to Simplified and to Complex Starters Fed to Young Dairy Calves

Miller, W.J.; Martin, Y.G.; Fowler, P.R.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(69)86626-9

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Thus, the addition of 10% cottonseed hulls to a calf concentrate which increased crude fibre from 4% to 8% increased DMI and weight gain, when concentrate was the only dry feed offered (Miller et al, 1969). In addition, Porter et al (2007) noted numerically increased DMI in preweaned calves fed calf concentrates with high compared with low fibre content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Others have investigated the effect of digestible fibre supplementation on rumen environment and growth performance and noted a positive effect on rumen environment (Bodas et al, 2007;Porter et al, 2007) and either positive (Miller et al, 1969), negative (Bodas et al, 2007) or no-effect (Porter et al, 2007;Hill et al, 2008) on weight gain of calves and lambs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gastrointestinal development of dairy calves fed low- or high-starch concentrate at two milk allowances

Kosiorowska

Puggaard

Hedemann

et al. 2011

Animal

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The objective was to study the effect of type of concentrate with varying starch and fibre content on growth and gastrointestinal development in preweaned dairy calves. Thirty-two newborn Danish Holstein male calves were allocated to four treatment groups in eight blocks of four calves. An experimental low-starch, high-molasses, high-fibre (EXP) concentrate or a traditional high-starch (TRA) concentrate were fed either at a high (HIGH; 2 3 3.2 kg/day) or a low (LOW; 2 3 1.6 kg/day) whole milk allowance in a 2 3 2 factorial design. TRA contained 350 and EXP 107 g starch/kg dry matter (DM), whereas the NDF content was 136 and 296 g/kg DM, respectively. Metabolizable energy (ME) was 11.2 and 12.2 MJ ME/kg DM in EXP and TRA, respectively. All calves had free access to artificially dried grass hay (9.8 MJ ME/kg DM). Four calves were culled during the experiment. The calves were euthanized either at 38 (12 calves) or 56 days (16 calves) of age. Evaluated across both slaughter ages, there was no difference between TRA and EXP in concentrate and hay intake, rumen weight and papillation. EXP resulted in increased villi number in duodenum and jejunum compared with TRA. Concentrate intake and reticulo-rumen weight was higher for LOW compared with HIGH milk allowance, whereas live weight gain was 20% lower. The results show that a low-starch, high-molasses, high-fibre concentrate with 8% lower ME content tended to reduce daily gain compared with a traditional calf starter concentrate, but resulted in similar ruminal development in preweaned calves both on a high and a low milk allowance fed along with grass hay. Furthermore, the results suggest that the experimental concentrate stimulated intestinal villi growth over that of the traditional concentrate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal development of dairy calves fed low- or high-starch concentrate at two milk allowances

Kosiorowska

Puggaard

Hedemann

et al. 2011

Animal

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“…peared in publications of the National Research Council (46). Ingredient composition of starters has been studied (42) and, in general, simple well-balanced preparations have supported good growth as well as more complicated formulations. Various sources of protein such as soybean, linseed, cottonseed, rapeseed, peanut, sunflower, meat, and fish meals were satisfactory in starters, and dried skim milk was not superior to vegetable protein.…”

Section: Feeding Methods and Weaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exact percentage has not been ascertained and probably depends on other factors such as physical form of fiber (77). Fiber below 5 to 6% probably will not produce best growth, and some bloating may occur (42). Simple mixtures with 13.9% crude fiber supported growth as well as a complex mixture containing 6% crude fiber.…”

Section: Feeding Methods and Weaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Nutrition and Management of Calves and Heifers

Otterby

Linn

1981

Journal of Dairy Science

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Strides have been significant in the knowledge of calf and heifer rearing during the last 25 yr. Much information has been gathered on digestive enzymes, development of the digestive system, and metabolism. Investigations have clarified further the role of colostrum in immunity and nutrition of the young calf. Several sources of nutrients have been tested for their suitability in formulation of acceptable milk replacers and calf starters. Once-a-day feeding of milk, colostrum, or milk replacer and early weaning are practical management procedures. Labor and cost efficient methods of feeding and caring for young calves have developed. Extensive work on rearing rates and methods of rearing was published during these 25 yr.Successful schemes have evolved for feeding heifers to freshen at an optimal age and to occupy a respectful position in the milking line. Developments in housing have been phenomenal -from the calf hutch to environmentally controlled nurseries for calves. Heifer housing has ranged from relatively simple, but laborefficient housing, to complete confinement systems. Herd health programs have developed to minimize many disease problems that can be particularly disastrous in large herds. Contract rearing of herd replacements has become a more frequently chosen option in this period. Budgets for rearing calves from birth to freshening have appeared in recommendations for raising heifers.

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“…Cottonseed hulls (CSH) provide added fiber and increased particle size to calf starter diets. Miller et al (1969) reported greater DMI and ADG but lower feed efficiency (FE) in calves when 10% CSH was added to low-fiber starter diets. Van Horn et al (1976) added CSH, citrus pulp, or both as fiber sources to calf starter diets and stated that feeding CSH resulted in greater DMI and ADG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The addition of cottonseed hulls to the starter and supplementation of live yeast or mannanoligosaccharide in the milk for young calves

Hill

Hopkins

Davidson

et al. 2009

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of the addition of cottonseed hulls (CSH) to the starter and the supplementation of live yeast product (YST) or mannanoligosaccharide product (MOS) to milk, on growth, intake, rumen development, and health parameters in young calves. Holstein (n = 116) and Jersey (n = 46) bull (n = 74) and heifer (n = 88) calves were assigned randomly within sex at birth to treatments. All calves were fed 3.8 L of colostrum daily for the first 2 d. Holstein calves were fed 3.8 L of whole milk, and Jersey calves were fed 2.8 L of whole milk through weaning at 42 d. Calves continued on trial through 63 d. Six treatments were arranged as a 2 x 3 factorial. Calves received either a corn-soybean meal-based starter (21% crude protein and 6% acid detergent fiber; -CSH) or a blend of 85% corn-soybean meal-based starter and 15% CSH (18% crude protein and 14% acid detergent fiber; +CSH) ad libitum. In addition, calves received whole milk with either no supplement (NONE) or supplemented with 3 g/d of mannanoligosaccharide product (MOS) or 4 g/d of live yeast product (YST) through weaning at 42 d. Twelve Holstein steers [n = 6 (per starter type); n = 4 (per supplement type)] were euthanized for collection and examination of rumen tissue samples. Dry matter intake (DMI) was greater for Holstein calves fed +CSH (0.90 kg/d) than -CSH (0.76 kg/d). Final body weight at 63 d of Holstein calves fed +CSH (75.8 kg) was greater than that of those fed -CSH (71.0 kg). Average daily gain (ADG) was greater for Holstein calves fed +CSH (0.58 kg/d) than -CSH (0.52 kg/d). However, Holstein calves fed -CSH had a greater feed efficiency (FE; 0.71 kg of ADG/kg of DMI) than those fed +CSH (0.65 kg of ADG/kg of DMI). Also, Holstein calves fed +CSH had narrower rumen papillae (0.32 mm) compared with those fed -CSH (0.41 mm). There were no significant effects of CSH on DMI, ADG, or FE in Jersey calves. There were no significant effects of YST or MOS on DMI, ADG, FE, or rumen papillae measures in Holstein calves. Jersey calves fed YST or MOS had greater final body weight at 63 d (51.2 kg and 51.0 kg, respectively) than calves fed NONE (47.5 kg). However, there were no significant effects of YST or MOS on DMI, ADG, or FE in Jersey calves.

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Effects of Addition of Fiber to Simplified and to Complex Starters Fed to Young Dairy Calves

Cited by 20 publications

References 6 publications

Gastrointestinal development of dairy calves fed low- or high-starch concentrate at two milk allowances

Gastrointestinal development of dairy calves fed low- or high-starch concentrate at two milk allowances

Advances in Nutrition and Management of Calves and Heifers

The addition of cottonseed hulls to the starter and supplementation of live yeast or mannanoligosaccharide in the milk for young calves

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