Effects of Alternative Dietary Lipid Sources on Growth Performance and Fatty Acid Composition of Beluga Sturgeon, Huso huso, Juveniles

Abstract

The main aim of this investigation was to determine the impact of a total dietary fish oil (FO) replacement by vegetable oils (soybean [SO] and canola [CO] oil) on the growth and fatty acid (FA) composition of juvenile Beluga sturgeon, Huso huso. Three practical‐type diets with equal protein and lipid content were formulated using FO, SO, and CO. Each of the diets was fed to apparent satiation five times daily to H. huso (initial weight 206 ± 7.3 g) for 120 d. All groups grew equally well. Fish weight gain, condition factor, daily growth, feed intake, feed conversion, feed efficiency, protein efficiency, and survival were not affected by diet treatment. Fish lipid composition reflected the inclusion of vegetable oils and their respective FA compositions. Monounsaturated FA and polyunsaturated FA significantly increased in fish fed the CO and SO diets, respectively, but the ratio n− 3/n− 6 were significantly reduced by the inclusion of dietary vegetable oils (P < 0.05). This study suggests that FO can be replaced by SO and CO in H. huso diets under our test conditions with no significant effect on growth. However, longer assessments of these substitutions are warranted to ensure that these treatments do not have an adverse effect on fish health.

Fatty acid and Amino acid Profiles of Domestic and Wild Beluga (Huso huso) Roe and Impact on Fertilization Ratio

“…Wild fish ova neutral lipids can have significantly lower proportions of total PUFAs compared to farmed fish (A. transmontanus, A. fulvescens) [6] and this is due to the higher quality of linolenic acid (18:3n-3) in diet of the farmed fish. Similar results have also been reported in cultured stellate sturgeon (A. stellatus) in Romania [2] and in other studies of cultivated beluga fatty acid composition of muscle tissue [33].Home viscous adaptation in response to environmental temperature is a primary reason for the prominence of n-3 PUFAs in the tissues of poikilotherms such as marine fish [34]. In current study, the cultivated beluga were cultured at 19ºC in freshwater for nine years and fed a plant oil containing diet.…”

“…Others have reported that 18:1n-9 is the most common fatty acid in sturgeon and other fish eggs and tissues [6,26,[29][30][31][32][33]. The results of this study show that MUFAs were higher in wild than in domestic beluga.…”

“…The same tendency was also found in the lipid profile of ovulated eggs of wild and cultured turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) [30], striped bass (Morone saxatilis) [32] and white sturgeon [6] and is a reflection of dietary fat intake [2,6,11,30]. In addition, Hosseini et al [33] compared the effect of three different diets including fish oil, soybean oil and canola oil on muscle fatty acids profiles in cultivated beluga (H. huso). They have reported that diet contained fish oil resulted in higher MUFA in muscle than soybean oil.…”

“…The selection of dietary lipid sources is important, and using sunflower oil in diet can elevate linoleic acid in beluga muscle to levels that are higher than for a fish oil based diet [33].…”

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“…Interestingly, in this research the maximum level of RPC inclusion in sturgeon diet was 53 % and at this level the dietary protein was almost completely RPC protein. Even if we decided to not analyze productive results, we interestingly observed that the specific growth rate (SGR) was 5 times better than the case of white sturgeon (A. transmontanus) (Gawlicka et al, 2002), and the productive parameters were also better than Beluga sturgeon (Hosseini et al, 2010;Ta'ati et al, 2011), "AL" hybrid sturgeon , hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii x Huso dauricus) (Qiyou X. et al, 2011) and white sturgeon (Lin et al, 1997).…”