Effects of antibodies to large ganglion cells on the cat's retinogeniculate pathway.

Spear, Peter D.; Jones, K. R.; Zetlan, Sonya R.; Geisert, Eldon E.; Kornguth, Steven

doi:10.1152/jn.1982.47.6.1174

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…This observation is significant because of the previously reported interaction of retinal ganglion cells with immunoglobulins in the sera of patients with SCCL who exhibit VPS.3*4 In related experimental studies done with cats, it also has been shown that polyclonal antibodies prepared against large retinal ganglion cells cause selective loss of large ganglion cells in the retina after intraocular injection5 and loss of Y-cells in the retinogeniculate pathway. 6 The observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the paraneoplastic visual dysfunction seen in the patient was a consequence of the high titer antiganglion cell antibodies present in the serum of VPS patients. It is unlikely that the earlier retinal detachment problem was related to the tumor; there is a much stronger temporal correlation with the specific loss of retinal ganglion cells and the onset of the oat cell carcinoma.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Autoimmune basis for visual paraneoplastic syndrome in patients with small cell lung carcinoma. Retinal immune deposits and ablation of retinal ganglion cells

Grunwald

Kornguth

Towfighi

et al. 1987

Cancer

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Recently, patients with visual paraneoplastic syndrome (VPS) were described, a binocular loss of vision found in patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL). The patients have serum antibodies against a small number of discrete antigens which are shared by the retina and small cell carcinoma cells, and which are associated with cells and processes of the ganglion cell layer of the retina. Pathologic findings are presented with regard to the presence of immunoglobulins in, and the nature of the lesions in, the central nervous system of a VPS patient. The patient's blood-brain barrier was shown to be compromised, as demonstrated by the finding of high immunoglobulin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and immune deposits in the retina. It is further shown that within the central nervous system only the retina and optic nerve show any tissue damage with the specific loss of retinal ganglion cells and their processes. The findings support the hypothesis of an autoimmune cause for this remote effect of cancer.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Autoimmune basis for visual paraneoplastic syndrome in patients with small cell lung carcinoma. Retinal immune deposits and ablation of retinal ganglion cells

Grunwald

Kornguth

Towfighi

et al. 1987

Cancer

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“…Most of the methods have been described in detail elsewhere (Komguth et al, 1981(Komguth et al, , 1982Spear et al, 1982) and will only be summarized here.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to learn more about the contributions that the X-, Y-, and W-cell pathways make to visual function, we have initiated studies using immunoablation methods to selectively eliminate one of the pathways. In previous experiments (Komguth et al, 1981(Komguth et al, , 1982Spear et al, 1982) we found that intraocular injection of purified immunoglobulins directed against the large (alpha/Y) retinal ganglion cells produces an average loss of 32% of large ganglion cells in the cat retina. This effect is relatively selective in that there is little or no loss of mediumor small-diameter ganglion cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Second, despite the morphological loss of retinal alpha-cells and the physiological loss of LGN Y-cells, we were unable to detect a physiological loss of retinal Y-cells in singlecell recordings from antibody-treated eyes. This inconsistency was interpreted to result from sampling error in single-cell recordings from the retina (Spear et al, 1982;cf. Stone, 1973).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To verify the effects of the highest antibody concentration, we then studied the morphology and physiology of single neurons in the retina and LGN. These results were compared to those from cats given low-concentration antibody injections and from normal cats in this and previous (Komguth et al, 1982;Spear et al, 1982) studies.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dose-response analysis of effects of antibodies to large ganglion cells on the cat's retinogeniculate pathways

Crabtree¹,

Spear²,

McCall³

et al. 1986

J. Neurosci.

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Previous studies have shown that antibodies against large retinal ganglion cells (alpha-/Y-cells) reduce the Y-cell retinogeniculate pathway while having little or no effect on the X- or W-cell pathways. The present study investigated the dose-response relationship of these effects. We began by studying effects on the T1 (largely Y-cell-mediated) and T2 (largely X-cell-mediated) waves of the retinal field-potential. Different concentrations of the antibodies were injected intraocularly in adult cats and retinal field-potentials evoked by optic chiasm stimulation were examined. The lowest concentration of immune serum tested (330 micrograms/100 microliter volume) reduced both the T1 and T2 amplitudes. With increasing concentrations, the ratio of T1:T2 amplitudes progressively decreased from 0.71 to only 0.05. The highest concentration of immune serum tested (1000 micrograms/100 microliter volume) virtually eliminated the T1 wave while the T2 wave remained (albeit reduced). Next, we carried out single-cell physiological and morphological studies to verify the effects of the highest antibody concentration and compare them with previous results on effects of the lowest antibody concentration (Kornguth et al., 1982; Spear et al., 1982). In single-cell recordings from the retina, the encounter rates of Y- and X-cells were reduced by 85 and 53%, respectively, after injection of the highest antibody concentration. There was no effect on the encounter rate of retinal W-cells. After injection of the lowest antibody concentration, there was no change in the encounter rates of any of the retinal cell types. Morphological studies revealed an 88-99% loss of alpha-cells in retinae treated with the highest antibody concentration. There also was a substantial (24-57%) loss of medium-size ganglion cells but no loss of small ganglion cells. The loss of alpha-cells was much greater after high-concentration injections than after low-concentration injections. In recordings from the LGN, the proportion of Y-cells was reduced by 87% in laminae receiving input from an eye injected with the highest antibody concentration. Laminae receiving input from an eye injected with the lowest concentration had a 77% reduction in Y-cells. The encounter rate of LGN X-cells was not affected by either concentration. Morphological analysis indicated that the loss of Y-cells in the LGN was not due to changes in cell size. These findings indicate that antibody-mediated effects on retinogeniculate pathways are dose-dependent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Retinal crowding alters the morphology of alpha ganglion cells

Kirby

Chalupa

1986

J of Comparative Neurology

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It has been hypothesized that the dendritic field size of individual retinal ganglion cells is regulated early in development by interactions among neighboring cells (Wässle and Reiman, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 200:441-461, 1978). An opportunity to test this hypothesis is provided by the consequences of prenatal enucleation that results in an increased density of ganglion cells in the remaining retina (Chalupa et al., Neuroscience 12:1139-1146, 1984). In the present study we compared dendritic field diameters of alpha ganglion cells in normal retinas to those of adult cats that were monocularly enucleated before birth (on embryonic days 42 and 51) and 6 days after birth. In each animal ganglion cells were labeled by central injections of horseradish peroxidase. The retinas were incubated according to a modified Hanker-Yates procedure and whole-mounted. All cells were sampled from the temporal retina along a corridor established by a line drawn through the optic disk and the area centralis. Alpha cells were differentiated into ON and OFF subtypes on the basis of their level of stratification in the inner plexiform layer (Peichl and Wässle, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 212:139-156, 1981). Dendritic field and soma diameters were determined from complete cell drawings by calculating the mean of the two longest orthogonal diameters. Our main findings are: Early monocular enucleation does not disrupt the mosaics of ON and OFF alpha ganglion cells in the remaining retina of adult animals. Within the retinal corridor sampled, the density of alpha cells was substantially greater than normal in the remaining retina of the prenatal enucleates at all eccentricities except the far periphery. Except at the far periphery, the dendritic field diameters of the prenatally enucleated animals were significantly smaller than normal when compared at equivalent eccentricities. However, when compared at equivalent cell densities, dendritic field dimensions in the prenatally enucleated and normal animals were found to be similar. In the prenatal enucleates the somas of these neurons were also significantly smaller than normal. If the monocular enucleation was postnatal, however, the density and the dendritic field diameters of alpha cells did not differ appreciably from normal. These results indicate that the morphology of retinal ganglion cells can be influenced by increasing the density of developing ganglion cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Effects of antibodies to large ganglion cells on the cat's retinogeniculate pathway.

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Autoimmune basis for visual paraneoplastic syndrome in patients with small cell lung carcinoma. Retinal immune deposits and ablation of retinal ganglion cells

Autoimmune basis for visual paraneoplastic syndrome in patients with small cell lung carcinoma. Retinal immune deposits and ablation of retinal ganglion cells

Dose-response analysis of effects of antibodies to large ganglion cells on the cat's retinogeniculate pathways

Retinal crowding alters the morphology of alpha ganglion cells

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